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Regenerative Braking Logic That Maximizes Energy Recovery Ensuring the Vehicle Stability

Author

Listed:
  • Giulia Sandrini

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Daniel Chindamo

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Marco Gadola

    (Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, I-25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

This paper presents a regenerative braking logic that aims to maximize the recovery of energy during braking without compromising the stability of the vehicle. This model of regenerative braking ensures that the regenerative torque of the electric motor (for front- and rear-wheel drive vehicles) or electric motors (for all-wheel drive vehicles equipped with one motor for each axle) is exploited to the maximum, avoiding the locking of the driving wheels and, subsequently, if necessary, integrating the braking with the traditional braking system. The priority of the logic is that of maximizing energy recovery under braking, followed by the pursuit of optimal braking distribution. This last aspect in particular occurs when there is an integration of braking and, for vehicles with all-wheel drive, also when choosing the distribution of regenerative torque between the two electric motors. The logic was tested via simulation on a front-, rear-, and all-wheel drive compact car, and from the simulations, it emerged that, on the WLTC driving cycle, the logic saved between 29.5 and 30.3% in consumption compared to the same vehicle without regenerative recovery, and 22.6–23.5% compared to a logic commonly adopted on the market. On cycle US06, it saves 23.9–24.4% and 19.0–19.5%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Giulia Sandrini & Daniel Chindamo & Marco Gadola, 2022. "Regenerative Braking Logic That Maximizes Energy Recovery Ensuring the Vehicle Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-43, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:16:p:5846-:d:886139
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Valery Vodovozov & Zoja Raud & Eduard Petlenkov, 2021. "Review on Braking Energy Management in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Giulia Sandrini & Marco Gadola & Daniel Chindamo, 2021. "Longitudinal Dynamics Simulation Tool for Hybrid APU and Full Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-35, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zongjun Yin & Xuegang Ma & Chunying Zhang & Rong Su & Qingqing Wang, 2023. "A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-33, December.
    2. Khaled Itani & Alexandre De Bernardinis, 2022. "Electrothermal Multicriteria Comparative Analysis of Two Competitive Powertrains Applied to a Two Front Wheel Driven Electric Vehicle during Extreme Regenerative Braking Operations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-27, November.
    3. Jacek Caban & Jan Vrabel & Dorota Górnicka & Radosław Nowak & Maciej Jankiewicz & Jonas Matijošius & Marek Palka, 2023. "Overview of Energy Harvesting Technologies Used in Road Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-32, April.
    4. Giulia Sandrini & Marco Gadola & Daniel Chindamo & Andrea Candela & Paolo Magri, 2023. "Exploring the Impact of Vehicle Lightweighting in Terms of Energy Consumption: Analysis and Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-31, July.
    5. Giulia Sandrini & Marco Gadola & Daniel Chindamo & Laura Zecchi, 2023. "Model of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Powered by Biomethane," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    6. Nikita V. Martyushev & Boris V. Malozyomov & Ilham H. Khalikov & Viktor Alekseevich Kukartsev & Vladislav Viktorovich Kukartsev & Vadim Sergeevich Tynchenko & Yadviga Aleksandrovna Tynchenko & Mengxu , 2023. "Review of Methods for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Electrified Ground Transport by Optimizing Battery Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-39, January.
    7. Maksymilian Mądziel, 2023. "Future Cities Carbon Emission Models: Hybrid Vehicle Emission Modelling for Low-Emission Zones," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Boris V. Malozyomov & Nikita V. Martyushev & Viktor Alekseevich Kukartsev & Vladislav Viktorovich Kukartsev & Sergei Vasilievich Tynchenko & Roman V. Klyuev & Nikolay A. Zagorodnii & Yadviga Aleksandr, 2023. "Study of Supercapacitors Built in the Start-Up System of the Main Diesel Locomotive," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, May.
    9. Alberto Broatch & Pablo Olmeda & Pau Bares & Sebastián Aceros, 2022. "Integral Thermal Management Studies in Winter Conditions with a Global Model of a Battery-Powered Electric Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.

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