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Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings

Author

Listed:
  • Keteng Jiang

    (Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Haibo Li

    (Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Xi Ye

    (State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company, Chengdu 610210, China)

  • Yi Lei

    (Tsinghua Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Chengdu 610213, China)

  • Keng-Weng Lao

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Macau University, Macau 999086, China)

  • Shuqing Zhang

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Xianfa Hu

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

Abstract

With the advantage of integrating distributed energy, storage and DC load with high efficiency, the DC distribution network recently attracted wide attention in the field of nearly zero energy buildings. Considering the large number of buildings and the enormous energy-saving potential, the distribution form and the revenue distribution are key factors affecting energy efficiency and operational economy. Aiming at the characteristics of AC and DC distribution topologies in nearly zero energy buildings, an energy efficiency evaluation method is proposed based on time-sequential power flow simulation, where the piecewise linear efficiency function of converters and dynamic line power loss model are established. Based on a DC distribution demonstration project, an AC power distribution system with the same boundary conditions is designed. The results show that the efficiency of DC distribution topology is about 6% higher than the AC system, while the efficiency advantage in office, hotel, commercial, educational and residential buildings in Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai varies from 0.6–4.96%, which shows a high correlation with the proportion of a high-power load, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.794. With the increase of DC load ratio and distributed power supply access capacity, the efficiency of the system will be improved accordingly. On the basis of this, a method to equalize DC distribution income in the nearly zero energy buildings power market is proposed. In addition, 15 typical scenarios of different cities were selected to evaluate efficiency and influencing factors. Finally, assessing the multi-stakeholder impact of DC retrofitting to balance the revenue generated by the DC distribution model suggests that transport costs should be raised by 8.2–13.1% to balance revenue with the equipment prices decreased by about 0.1 yuan/W.

Suggested Citation

  • Keteng Jiang & Haibo Li & Xi Ye & Yi Lei & Keng-Weng Lao & Shuqing Zhang & Xianfa Hu, 2022. "Energy Efficiency Evaluation and Revenue Distribution of DC Power Distribution Systems in Nearly Zero Energy Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5726-:d:882026
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gerber, Daniel L. & Vossos, Vagelis & Feng, Wei & Marnay, Chris & Nordman, Bruce & Brown, Richard, 2018. "A simulation-based efficiency comparison of AC and DC power distribution networks in commercial buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1167-1187.
    2. Glasgo, Brock & Azevedo, Inês Lima & Hendrickson, Chris, 2016. "How much electricity can we save by using direct current circuits in homes? Understanding the potential for electricity savings and assessing feasibility of a transition towards DC powered buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 66-75.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tianxiang Ma & Ziqi Hu & Yan Xu & Haoran Dong, 2022. "Fault Location Based on Comprehensive Grey Correlation Degree Analysis for Flexible DC Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.

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