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Sustainable Systems for the Production of District Heating Using Meat-Bone Meal as Biofuel: A Polish Case Study

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  • Zygmunt Kowalski

    (Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-261 Cracow, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Makara

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland)

Abstract

The developed production of heat (steam) by Farmutil Company enables use of renewable energy from biofuel meat-bone meal which is incinerated in rotary kilns utilising vapours and odours from its production, instead of natural gas, to ensure Farmutil’s own needs for heat. The transformation of existing district heating in Piła city (currently using coal) into a fourth generation district heating system was proposed, predicting the use of heat (hot water) after combustion of biofuel meat-bone meal as district heating in the city of Piła. The maximum possible surplus amount of heat that can be produced at Farmutil exceeds the needs for the district heating demands of the city of Piła (860,200 GJ/y) by 53.2% at a meat-bone meal burning scale of 150,000 t/y. The use of 52,000 t/y of meat-bone meal for district heating production also results in an increase in incomes through the sale of hydroxyapatite ash from its combustion, amounting 1.638 million EUR/y. The closure of the coal-fired heating plant eliminates the consumption of 44,000 t/y of coal and the need to pay CO 2 emission permits amount to over 5.588 million EUR/y.

Suggested Citation

  • Zygmunt Kowalski & Agnieszka Makara, 2022. "Sustainable Systems for the Production of District Heating Using Meat-Bone Meal as Biofuel: A Polish Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3615-:d:816138
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zygmunt Kowalski & Agnieszka Makara & Joanna Kulczycka & Agnieszka Generowicz & Paweł Kwaśnicki & Józef Ciuła & Anna Gronba-Chyła, 2024. "Conversion of Sewage Sludge into Biofuels via Different Pathways and Their Use in Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-28, March.

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