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Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Usman

    (Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Muhammad Humayun

    (School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Syed Shaheen Shah

    (Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Habib Ullah

    (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Asif A Tahir

    (Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, UK)

  • Abbas Khan

    (Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, KP, Pakistan)

  • Habib Ullah

    (Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, UK)

Abstract

Photocatalysis is a classical solution to energy conversion and environmental pollution control problems. In photocatalysis, the development and exploration of new visible light catalysts and their synthesis and modification strategies are crucial. It is also essential to understand the mechanism of these reactions in the various reaction media. Recently, bismuth and graphene’s unique geometrical and electronic properties have attracted considerable attention in photocatalysis. This review summarizes bismuth-graphene nanohybrids’ synthetic processes with various design considerations, fundamental mechanisms of action, heterogeneous photocatalysis, benefits, and challenges. Some key applications in energy conversion and environmental pollution control are discussed, such as CO 2 reduction, water splitting, pollutant degradation, disinfection, and organic transformations. The detailed perspective of bismuth-graphene nanohybrids’ applications in various research fields presented herein should be of equal interest to academic and industrial scientists.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Humayun & Syed Shaheen Shah & Habib Ullah & Asif A Tahir & Abbas Khan & Habib Ullah, 2021. "Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-36, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2281-:d:538744
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yaqoob, Lubna & Noor, Tayyaba & Iqbal, Naseem & Nasir, Habib & Sohail, Manzar & Zaman, Neelam & Usman, Muhammad, 2020. "Nanocomposites of cobalt benzene tricarboxylic acid MOF with rGO: An efficient and robust electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 1040-1054.
    2. Muhammad Yaseen & Muhammad Humayun & Abbas Khan & Muhammad Usman & Habib Ullah & Asif Ali Tahir & Habib Ullah, 2021. "Preparation, Functionalization, Modification, and Applications of Nanostructured Gold: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-88, February.
    3. Anufriev, I.S., 2021. "Review of water/steam addition in liquid-fuel combustion systems for NOx reduction: Waste-to-energy trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
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    1. Muhammad Yaseen & Muhammad Arif Khan Khattak & Muhammad Humayun & Muhammad Usman & Syed Shaheen Shah & Shaista Bibi & Bakhtiar Syed Ul Hasnain & Shah Masood Ahmad & Abbas Khan & Nasrullah Shah & Asif , 2021. "A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-40, November.
    2. Janusz Andrzej Lasek & Krzysztof Głód & Rafał Fryza & Szymon Dobras & Tadeusz Chwoła & Krzysztof Supernok & Jeffrey Chi-Sheng Wu & Andy Peng-Yu Wu & Chao-Wei Huang, 2023. "Experience in Scaling-Up of Photo-Thermo-Catalytic Purification of Process Gasses from NO x," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.

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