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The Effect of Climate on the Solar Radiation Components on Building Skins and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Materials

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  • Hassan Gholami

    (City- and Regional Planning, Institute of Safety, Economics and Planning (ISØP), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway)

  • Harald Nils Røstvik

    (City- and Regional Planning, Institute of Safety, Economics and Planning (ISØP), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway)

Abstract

The business model of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is developing expeditiously and BIPV will soon be recognised as a building envelope material for the entire building skins, among other alternatives such as brick, wood, stone, metals, etc. This paper investigates the effect of climate on the solar radiation components on building skins and BIPV materials in the northern hemisphere. The selected cities are Stavanger in Norway, Bern in Switzerland, Rome in Italy, and Dubai in the UAE. The study showed that for all the studied climates, the average incident radiation on the entire building skins is slightly more than the average incident radiation on the east or west facades, regardless of the orientations of the building facades. Furthermore, the correlation between solar radiation components and different BIPV technologies is discussed in this paper. It is also found that when it comes to the efficiency of different BIPV cells, the impact of the climate on some of the BIPV technologies (such as DSC and OSC) is much more significant than others (such as c-Si, mc-Si and CIGS). The evidence from this study suggests that in climates with higher diffuse radiation-or with more overcast days per year-the contribution of IR radiation decreases. Therefore, the efficiency of BIPV materials that their spectral responses are dependent on the IR radiation (like Si and CIGS) in such a climate would drop down meaningfully. On the other hand, the DSC and OSC solar cells could be a good option for cloudy climates since they have more stable performance, even in such a climate. Although, their efficiency compared to other BIPV materials such as Si-based BIPV solar cells is still significantly less thus far.

Suggested Citation

  • Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "The Effect of Climate on the Solar Radiation Components on Building Skins and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:1847-:d:524764
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Osseweijer, Floor J.W. & van den Hurk, Linda B.P. & Teunissen, Erik J.H.M. & van Sark, Wilfried G.J.H.M., 2018. "A comparative review of building integrated photovoltaics ecosystems in selected European countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 1027-1040.
    2. Nofuentes, G. & García-Domingo, B. & Muñoz, J.V. & Chenlo, F., 2014. "Analysis of the dependence of the spectral factor of some PV technologies on the solar spectrum distribution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 302-309.
    3. Brito, M.C. & Freitas, S. & Guimarães, S. & Catita, C. & Redweik, P., 2017. "The importance of facades for the solar PV potential of a Mediterranean city using LiDAR data," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 85-94.
    4. Gholami, Hassan & Røstvik, Harald Nils, 2020. "Economic analysis of BIPV systems as a building envelope material for building skins in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    5. Nofuentes, Gustavo & de la Casa, Juan & Solís-Alemán, Ernesto M. & Fernández, Eduardo F., 2017. "Spectral impact on PV performance in mid-latitude sunny inland sites: Experimental vs. modelled results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1857-1868.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Europe, Rational Feed-In Tariffs and Subsidies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik & Koen Steemers, 2021. "The Contribution of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) to the Concept of Nearly Zero-Energy Cities in Europe: Potential and Challenges Ahead," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Samuel Amo Awuku & Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki & Nazmi Sellami, 2022. "Building Integrated Photovoltaics—The Journey So Far and Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-5, February.
    4. Hassan Gholami & Harald Nils Røstvik, 2021. "Dataset for the Solar Incident Radiation and Electricity Production BIPV/BAPV System on the Northern/Southern Façade in Dense Urban Areas," Data, MDPI, vol. 6(6), pages 1-15, May.

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