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The Carbon Dioxide Emission as Indicator of the Geothermal Heat Flow: Review of Local and Regional Applications with a Special Focus on Italy

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  • Giovanni Chiodini

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via D. Creti 12, 40128 Bologna, Italy)

  • Carlo Cardellini

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via D. Creti 12, 40128 Bologna, Italy
    Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

  • Giulio Bini

    (Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland)

  • Francesco Frondini

    (Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

  • Stefano Caliro

    (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy)

  • Lisa Ricci

    (Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

  • Barbara Lucidi

    (Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli snc, 06123 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

We review the methods based on the measurement of CO 2 emissions for the computation of geothermal heat flow, both at a local (hydrothermal sites, a few km 2 ) and regional scale (hundreds km 2 ). At the local scale, we present and discuss the cases of the Latera caldera and Torre Alfina (Italy) geothermal systems. At Torre Alfina and Latera, the convection process sustains a CO 2 emission of ~1 kg s −1 and ~4 kg s −1 , and heat flows of 46 MW and 130 MW, respectively. At the regional scale, we discuss the case of the central Apennine (Italy), where CO 2 mass and enthalpy balances of regional aquifers highlights a wide and strong thermal anomaly in an area of low conductive heat flow. Notably, the CO 2 /heat ratios computed for the central Apennines are very similar to those of the nearby geothermal systems of Latium and Tuscany, suggesting a common source of CO 2 -rich fluids ascribed to the Tyrrhenian mantle.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Chiodini & Carlo Cardellini & Giulio Bini & Francesco Frondini & Stefano Caliro & Lisa Ricci & Barbara Lucidi, 2021. "The Carbon Dioxide Emission as Indicator of the Geothermal Heat Flow: Review of Local and Regional Applications with a Special Focus on Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6590-:d:655071
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thráinn Fridriksson & Almudena Mateos & Pierre Audinet & Yasemin Orucu, 2016. "Greenhouse Gases from Geothermal Power Production," World Bank Publications - Reports 24691, The World Bank Group.
    2. Giancarlo Tamburello & Silvia Pondrelli & Giovanni Chiodini & Dmitri Rouwet, 2018. "Global-scale control of extensional tectonics on CO2 earth degassing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Alessandro Lenzi & Marco Paci & Geoffrey Giudetti & Roberto Gambini, 2021. "Tracing Ancient Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Larderello Area by Means of Historical Boric Acid Production Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
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