IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i13p4055-d588921.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Charging and Discharging Process of LiFePO 4 Battery Pack

Author

Listed:
  • Wiesław Madej

    (Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Andrzej Wojciechowski

    (Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

A serious issue relative to the construction of electronic devices is proper power source selection. This problem is of particular importance when we are dealing with portable devices operating in varying environmental conditions, such as military equipment. A serious problem in the construction of electronic devices is the correct selection of the power source. In these types of devices, lithium-ion batteries are commonly used nowadays, and in particular their variety—lithium iron phosphate battery—LiFePO 4 . Apart from the many advantages of this type of battery offers, such as high power and energy density, a high number of charge and discharge cycles, and low self-discharge. They also have a major drawback—a risk of damage due to excessive discharge or overcharge. This article studies the process of charging and discharging a battery pack composed of cells with different initial charge levels. An attempt was made to determine the risk of damage to the cells relative to the differences in the initial charge level of the battery pack cells. It was verified, whether the successive charging and discharging cycles reduce or increase the differences in the amount of energy stored in individual cells of the pack.

Suggested Citation

  • Wiesław Madej & Andrzej Wojciechowski, 2021. "Analysis of the Charging and Discharging Process of LiFePO 4 Battery Pack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4055-:d:588921
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4055/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/4055/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dian Wang & Yun Bao & Jianjun Shi, 2017. "Online Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Resistance Measurement Application in State-of-Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Zhongbao Wei & Feng Leng & Zhongjie He & Wenyu Zhang & Kaiyuan Li, 2018. "Online State of Charge and State of Health Estimation for a Lithium-Ion Battery Based on a Data–Model Fusion Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    3. In-Ho Cho & Pyeong-Yeon Lee & Jong-Hoon Kim, 2019. "Analysis of the Effect of the Variable Charging Current Control Method on Cycle Life of Li-ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Zhihao Yu & Ruituo Huai & Linjing Xiao, 2015. "State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Kalman Filter Based on Local Linearization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Xin Sui & Maciej Świerczyński & Remus Teodorescu & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2021. "The Degradation Behavior of LiFePO 4 /C Batteries during Long-Term Calendar Aging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Sung-Tae Ko & Jaehyung Lee & Jung-Hoon Ahn & Byoung Kuk Lee, 2019. "Innovative Modeling Approach for Li-Ion Battery Packs Considering Intrinsic Cell Unbalances and Packaging Elements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, January.
    7. Yun Bao & Wenbin Dong & Dian Wang, 2018. "Online Internal Resistance Measurement Application in Lithium Ion Battery Capacity and State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-11, April.
    8. Ming-Hui Chang & Han-Pang Huang & Shu-Wei Chang, 2013. "A New State of Charge Estimation Method for LiFePO 4 Battery Packs Used in Robots," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-24, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yun Bao & Yuansheng Chen, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Battery Real-Time Diagnosis with Direct Current Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Nicolae Tudoroiu & Mohammed Zaheeruddin & Roxana-Elena Tudoroiu, 2020. "Real Time Design and Implementation of State of Charge Estimators for a Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cobalt Battery with Applicability in HEVs/EVs—A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-45, May.
    3. Fulin Fan & Giorgio Zorzi & David Campos-Gaona & Graeme Burt & Olimpo Anaya-Lara & John Nwobu & Ander Madariaga, 2021. "Sizing and Coordination Strategies of Battery Energy Storage System Co-Located with Wind Farm: The UK Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    5. Ingvild B. Espedal & Asanthi Jinasena & Odne S. Burheim & Jacob J. Lamb, 2021. "Current Trends for State-of-Charge (SoC) Estimation in Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
    6. Ines Baccouche & Sabeur Jemmali & Bilal Manai & Noshin Omar & Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, 2017. "Improved OCV Model of a Li-Ion NMC Battery for Online SOC Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, May.
    7. F. Isorna Llerena & E. López González & J. J. Caparrós Mancera & F. Segura Manzano & J. M. Andújar, 2021. "Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, May.
    8. Hu, Xiaosong & Feng, Fei & Liu, Kailong & Zhang, Lei & Xie, Jiale & Liu, Bo, 2019. "State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Sheng Yang & Wenwei Wang & Cheng Lin & Weixiang Shen & Yiding Li, 2019. "Investigation of Internal Short Circuits of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Mechanical Abusive Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, May.
    10. Van Quan Dao & Minh-Chau Dinh & Chang Soon Kim & Minwon Park & Chil-Hoon Doh & Jeong Hyo Bae & Myung-Kwan Lee & Jianyong Liu & Zhiguo Bai, 2021. "Design of an Effective State of Charge Estimation Method for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Extended Kalman Filter and Artificial Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Nimalsiri, Nanduni I. & Ratnam, Elizabeth L. & Mediwaththe, Chathurika P. & Smith, David B. & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2021. "Coordinated charging and discharging control of electric vehicles to manage supply voltages in distribution networks: Assessing the customer benefit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    12. Shyh-Chin Huang & Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Chung-Liang Chang & Michael G. Pecht, 2017. "An Online SOC and SOH Estimation Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    13. Fathy, Ahmed & Ferahtia, Seydali & Rezk, Hegazy & Yousri, Dalia & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G., 2022. "Optimal adaptive fuzzy management strategy for fuel cell-based DC microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    14. Gonzalez de Durana, Jose & Barambones, Oscar, 2018. "Technology-free microgrid modeling with application to demand side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 165-178.
    15. Achraf Saadaoui & Mohammed Ouassaid & Mohamed Maaroufi, 2023. "Overview of Integration of Power Electronic Topologies and Advanced Control Techniques of Ultra-Fast EV Charging Stations in Standalone Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-21, January.
    16. Nicolás Müller & Samir Kouro & Pericle Zanchetta & Patrick Wheeler & Gustavo Bittner & Francesco Girardi, 2019. "Energy Storage Sizing Strategy for Grid-Tied PV Plants under Power Clipping Limitations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    17. Javidsharifi, Mahshid & Niknam, Taher & Aghaei, Jamshid & Mokryani, Geev, 2018. "Multi-objective short-term scheduling of a renewable-based microgrid in the presence of tidal resources and storage devices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 367-381.
    18. Hannan, M.A. & Lipu, M.S.H. & Hussain, A. & Mohamed, A., 2017. "A review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications: Challenges and recommendations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 834-854.
    19. Muhammad Umair Ali & Amad Zafar & Sarvar Hussain Nengroo & Sadam Hussain & Muhammad Junaid Alvi & Hee-Je Kim, 2019. "Towards a Smarter Battery Management System for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Critical Review of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-33, January.
    20. Angelo Maiorino & Adrián Mota-Babiloni & Fabio Petruzziello & Manuel Gesù Del Duca & Andrea Ariano & Ciro Aprea, 2022. "A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:13:p:4055-:d:588921. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.