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Feasibility Study of the Solar-Promoted Photoreduction of CO 2 to Liquid Fuels with Direct or Indirect Use of Renewable Energy Sources

Author

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  • Francesco Conte

    (Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, CNR-SCITEC and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Antonio Tripodi

    (Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, CNR-SCITEC and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Ilenia Rossetti

    (Chemical Plants and Industrial Chemistry Group, Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, CNR-SCITEC and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy)

  • Gianguido Ramis

    (Dip. Ing. Chimica, Civile ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit Genova, Via all’Opera Pia 15A, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

Abstract

Solar irradiation data collected at the latitude of Milan city, near the 45th parallel North, and original activity data of some high-performing photocatalysts (i.e., commercial TiO 2 P25, TiO 2 prepared by flame spray pyrolysis, 0.2% wt/wt Au/P25) have been used to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of an ideal solar photoreactor for the CO 2 photoreduction in liquid phase. The best theoretical performance was achieved with commercial bare P25 titania, despite the fact that it was the material with the widest band gap (3.41 eV vs. 3.31 for FSP and 3.12 for Au/P25). In that case the efficiency of energy storage was calculated as about 2% (considering the total irradiated solar energy) and ca 18% (considering only the UV fraction of solar irradiance). Most of the energy content of the products was stored as formic acid, which would return a productivity of about 640 kg/year kg cat under daylight solar irradiation considering the variance of the irradiance data. Bare FSP titania gave a less promising result, while Au/P25 ranked in the middle. A comparison between the proposed setup and a photoreactor irradiated with UV lamps powered through a wind turbine or solar panels, which allow for an indirect use of renewable energy sources also intended for energy storage purposes, unveil that the latter is many times less efficient than the hypothesized direct solar photoreactor, despite the fact that it could be a reasonable storage system for energy production peaks.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Conte & Antonio Tripodi & Ilenia Rossetti & Gianguido Ramis, 2021. "Feasibility Study of the Solar-Promoted Photoreduction of CO 2 to Liquid Fuels with Direct or Indirect Use of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2804-:d:554134
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Suh-Young & Lee, Jae-Uk & Lee, In-Beum & Han, Jeehoon, 2017. "Design under uncertainty of carbon capture and storage infrastructure considering cost, environmental impact, and preference on risk," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 725-738.
    2. Ulrich Ulmer & Thomas Dingle & Paul N. Duchesne & Robert H. Morris & Alexandra Tavasoli & Thomas Wood & Geoffrey A. Ozin, 2019. "Fundamentals and applications of photocatalytic CO2 methanation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Bong Jae Lee & Jeong Il Lee & Soo Young Yun & Cheol-Soo Lim & Young-Kwon Park, 2020. "Economic Evaluation of Carbon Capture and Utilization Applying the Technology of Mineral Carbonation at Coal-Fired Power Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, July.
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