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Defect, Diffusion and Dopant Properties of NaNiO 2 : Atomistic Simulation Study

Author

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  • Ruwani Kaushalya

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Jaffna, Sir. Pon Ramanathan Road, Thirunelvely, Jaffna 40000, Srilanka)

  • Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Jaffna, Sir. Pon Ramanathan Road, Thirunelvely, Jaffna 40000, Srilanka)

  • Navaratnarajah Kuganathan

    (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • Alexander Chroneos

    (Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
    Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

Abstract

Sodium nickelate, NaNiO 2 , is a candidate cathode material for sodium ion batteries due to its high volumetric and gravimetric energy density. The use of atomistic simulation techniques allows the examination of the defect energetics, Na-ion diffusion and dopant properties within the crystal. Here, we show that the lowest energy intrinsic defect process is the Na-Ni anti-site. The Na Frenkel, which introduces Na vacancies in the lattice, is found to be the second most favourable defect process and this process is higher in energy only by 0.16 eV than the anti-site defect. Favourable Na-ion diffusion barrier of 0.67 eV in the ab plane indicates that the Na-ion diffusion in this material is relatively fast. Favourable divalent dopant on the Ni site is Co 2+ that increases additional Na, leading to high capacity. The formation of Na vacancies can be facilitated by doping Ti 4+ on the Ni site. The promising isovalent dopant on the Ni site is Ga 3+ .

Suggested Citation

  • Ruwani Kaushalya & Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran & Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Defect, Diffusion and Dopant Properties of NaNiO 2 : Atomistic Simulation Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-10, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:16:p:3094-:d:256897
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. M. Armand & J.-M. Tarascon, 2008. "Building better batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7179), pages 652-657, February.
    2. J.-M. Tarascon & M. Armand, 2001. "Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 414(6861), pages 359-367, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Evangelos I. Gkanas & Alexander Chroneos, 2019. "Mg 6 MnO 8 as a Magnesium-Ion Battery Material: Defects, Dopants and Mg-Ion Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2020. "Defects and Dopants in CaFeSi 2 O 6 : Classical and DFT Simulations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Kobiny Antony Rex & Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran & Navaratnarajah Kuganathan & Alexander Chroneos, 2021. "Defect Properties and Lithium Incorporation in Li 2 ZrO 3," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-11, July.

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