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Investigations of AC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Using Distributed Energy Resources and Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Umashankar Subramaniam

    (Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Communications and Networks Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University (PSU), Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Swaminathan Ganesan

    (Schneider Electric, Bengaluru 560048, India)

  • Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar

    (Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Communications and Networks Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University (PSU), Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark)

  • Frede Blaabjerg

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Dhafer J. Almakhles

    (Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Communications and Networks Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University (PSU), Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The world has witnessed a rapid transformation in the field of electrical generation, transmission and distribution. We have been constantly developing and upgrading our technology to make the system more economically efficient. Currently, the industry faces an acute shortage of energy resources due to overconsumption by industries worldwide. This has compelled experts to look for alternatives to fossil fuels and other conventional sources of energy to produce energy in a more sustainable manner. The microgrid concept has gained popularity over the years and has become a common sight all over the world because of the ability of a microgrid to provide power to a localized section without being dependent on conventional resources. This paper focuses on development of such an AC hybrid microgrid, which receives power from distributed energy resources (DERs) such as a PV array alongside a battery storage system, and also uses an emergency diesel generator system and an online uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system to provide power to predefined loads under different conditions. This paper also addresses on the power flow to the loads under two main modes of operation—on grid and off grid—and investigates the microgrid in different states and sub-states. The final objective is to design an efficient microgrid model such that it can sustain the multiple loads simultaneously under all operating conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Umashankar Subramaniam & Swaminathan Ganesan & Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Frede Blaabjerg & Dhafer J. Almakhles, 2019. "Investigations of AC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Using Distributed Energy Resources and Plug-in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:14:p:2834-:d:250876
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammed Kh. AL-Nussairi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Pierluigi Siano, 2017. "Constant Power Loads (CPL) with Microgrids: Problem Definition, Stability Analysis and Compensation Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, October.
    2. Sridhar Vavilapalli & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Umashankar Subramaniam & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2017. "Power Balancing Control for Grid Energy Storage System in Photovoltaic Applications—Real Time Digital Simulation Implementation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-22, July.
    3. Eklas Hossain & Ron Perez & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Pierluigi Siano, 2017. "Investigation on the Development of a Sliding Mode Controller for Constant Power Loads in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, July.
    4. Swaminathan Ganesan & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramesh Varadarajan & Umashankar Subramaniam & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2017. "Study and Analysis of an Intelligent Microgrid Energy Management Solution with Distributed Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Kalaivani Chandramohan & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Rajambal Kalyanasundaram & Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2017. "Grid Synchronization of a Seven-Phase Wind Electric Generator Using d-q PLL," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gökay Bayrak & Davut Ertekin & Hassan Haes Alhelou & Pierluigi Siano, 2021. "A Real-Time Energy Management System Design for a Developed PV-Based Distributed Generator Considering the Grid Code Requirements in Turkey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Karthikeyan Velmurugan & Umashankar Subramaniam & A Rakesh Kumar & Dhafer Almakhles, 2020. "Experimental Investigations Conducted for the Characteristic Study of OM29 Phase Change Material and Its Incorporation in Photovoltaic Panel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.

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