IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i2p305-d129578.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The PurdueTracer: An Energy-Efficient Human-Powered Hydraulic Bicycle with Flexible Operation and Software Aids

Author

Listed:
  • Gianluca Marinaro

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy)

  • Zhuangying Xu

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA)

  • Zhengpu Chen

    (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA)

  • Chenxi Li

    (Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA)

  • Yizhou Mao

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA)

  • Andrea Vacca

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
    Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
    Maha Fluid Power Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA)

Abstract

Hydrostatic transmissions (HT) are widely applied to heavy-duty mobile applications because of the advantages of layout flexibility, power to weight ratio, and ease of control. Though applications of fluid power in light-duty vehicles face challenges, including the unavailability of off-the-shelf components suitable to the power scale, there are potential advantages for HTs in human-powered vehicles, such as bicycles, the most important one being the energy-saving advantage achievable through regenerative braking in a hybrid HT. This paper describes an innovative design for a hydraulic hybrid bicycle, i.e., the PurdueTracer. The PurdueTracer is an energy-efficient human-powered hydraulic bicycle with flexible operation and software aids. An open-circuit hydraulic hybrid transmission allows PurdueTracer to operate in four modes: Pedaling, Charging, Boost, and Regeneration, to satisfy users’ need for different riding occasions. An aluminum chassis that also functions as a system reservoir was customized for the PurdueTracer to optimize the durability, riding comfort, and space for components. The selection of the hydraulic components was performed by creating a model of the bicycle in AMESim simulation software and conducting a numerical optimization based on the model. The electronic system equipped users with informative feedback showing the bicycle performance, intuitive execution of functions, and comprehensive guidance for operation. This paper describes the design approach and the main results of the PurdueTracer, which also won the 2017 National Fluid Power Association Fluid Power Vehicle Challenge. This championship serves to prove the excellence of this vehicle in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, durability, and novelty.

Suggested Citation

  • Gianluca Marinaro & Zhuangying Xu & Zhengpu Chen & Chenxi Li & Yizhou Mao & Andrea Vacca, 2018. "The PurdueTracer: An Energy-Efficient Human-Powered Hydraulic Bicycle with Flexible Operation and Software Aids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-24, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:305-:d:129578
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/305/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/2/305/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jia-Shiun Chen, 2015. "Energy Efficiency Comparison between Hydraulic Hybrid and Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-27, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Esther Salmeron-Manzano & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, 2018. "The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wei Zhang & Jixin Wang & Shaofeng Du & Hongfeng Ma & Wenjun Zhao & Haojie Li, 2019. "Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Construction Machinery: Evolution, Classification, Comparison and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Brol, Sebastian & Czok, Rafał & Mróz, Piotr, 2020. "Control of energy conversion and flow in hydraulic-pneumatic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    3. Hsiu-Ying Hwang & Tian-Syung Lan & Jia-Shiun Chen, 2020. "Optimization and Application for Hydraulic Electric Hybrid Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    4. Linda Barelli & Gianni Bidini & Federico Gallorini & Francesco Iantorno & Nicola Pane & Panfilo Andrea Ottaviano & Lorenzo Trombetti, 2018. "Dynamic Modeling of a Hybrid Propulsion System for Tourist Boat," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, September.
    5. Barbosa, Társis Prado & Eckert, Jony Javorski & Roso, Vinícius Rückert & Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco & da Silva, Leonardo Adolpho Rodrigues & Horta Gutiérrez, Juan Carlos, 2021. "Fuel saving and lower pollutants emissions using an ethanol-fueled engine in a hydraulic hybrid passengers vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    6. Kegang Zhao & Zhihao Liang & Yanjun Huang & Hong Wang & Amir Khajepour & Yuke Zhen, 2017. "Research on a Novel Hydraulic/Electric Synergy Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Singh, Krishna Veer & Bansal, Hari Om & Singh, Dheerendra, 2021. "Fuzzy logic and Elman neural network tuned energy management strategies for a power-split HEVs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    8. Kwon, Hyukjoon & Sprengel, Michael & Ivantysynova, Monika, 2016. "Thermal modeling of a hydraulic hybrid vehicle transmission based on thermodynamic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 650-660.
    9. Bhola, M. & Kumar, N. & Ghoshal, S.K., 2018. "Reducing fuel consumption of Front End Loader using regenerative hydro-static drive configuration-an experimental study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 158-170.
    10. Cheng-Ta Chung & Chien-Hsun Wu & Yi-Hsuan Hung, 2018. "Effects of Electric Circulation on the Energy Efficiency of the Power Split e-CVT Hybrid Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, September.
    11. Ryszard Dindorf & Jakub Takosoglu & Piotr Wos, 2023. "Review of Hydro-Pneumatic Accumulator Models for the Study of the Energy Efficiency of Hydraulic Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-45, September.
    12. Keun-Young Yoon & Soo-Whang Baek, 2019. "Robust Design Optimization with Penalty Function for Electric Oil Pumps with BLDC Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, January.
    13. Kwon, Hyukjoon & Ivantysynova, Monika, 2021. "Experimental and theoretical studies on energy characteristics of hydraulic hybrids for thermal management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    14. He, Xiangyu & Liu, Hao & He, Shanghong & Hu, Bili & Xiao, Guangxin, 2019. "Research on the energy efficiency of energy regeneration systems for a battery-powered hydrostatic vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 400-418.
    15. Chien-Hsun Wu & Yong-Xiang Xu, 2019. "The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    16. Luin, Blaž & Petelin, Stojan & Al-Mansour, Fouad, 2019. "Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 24-32.
    17. Israa Azzam & Keith Pate & Jose Garcia-Bravo & Farid Breidi, 2022. "Energy Savings in Hydraulic Hybrid Transmissions through Digital Hydraulics Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:2:p:305-:d:129578. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.