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Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Isabel Vélez Márquez

    (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada)

  • Jasmin Raymond

    (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada)

  • Daniela Blessent

    (Universidad de Medellín, Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Medellín 050026, Colombia)

  • Mikael Philippe

    (BRGM, Georesources Division, 45060 Orléans CEDEX 2, France)

  • Nataline Simon

    (Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes—UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France)

  • Olivier Bour

    (Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes—UMR 6118, F-35000 Rennes, France)

  • Louis Lamarche

    (École de Technologie Supérieure, Département de génie mécanique, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada)

Abstract

Thermal response tests are used to assess the subsurface thermal conductivity to design ground-coupled heat pump systems. Conventional tests are cumbersome and require a source of high power to heat water circulating in a pilot ground heat exchanger. An alternative test method using heating cable was verified in the field as an option to conduct this heat injection experiment with a low power source and a compact equipment. Two thermal response tests using heating cable sections and a continuous heating cable were performed in two experimental heat exchangers on different sites in Canada and France. The temperature evolution during the tests was monitored using submersible sensors and fiber optic distributed temperature sensing. Free convection that can occur in the pipe of the heat exchanger was evaluated using the Rayleigh number stability criterion. The finite and infinite line source equations were used to reproduce temperature variations along the heating cable sections and continuous heating cable, respectively. The thermal conductivity profile of each site was inferred and the uncertainly of the test was evaluated. A mean thermal conductivity 15% higher than that revealed with the conventional test was estimated with heating cable sections. The thermal conductivity evaluated using the continuous heating cable corresponds to the value estimated during the conventional test. The average uncertainly associated with the heating cable section test was 15.18%, while an uncertainty of 2.14% was estimated for the test with the continuous heating cable. According to the Rayleigh number stability criterion, significant free convection can occur during the heat injection period when heating cable sections are used. The continuous heating cable with a low power source is a promising method to perform thermal response tests and further tests could be carried out in deep boreholes to verify its applicability.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Isabel Vélez Márquez & Jasmin Raymond & Daniela Blessent & Mikael Philippe & Nataline Simon & Olivier Bour & Louis Lamarche, 2018. "Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:11:p:3059-:d:181110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Gehlin, Signhild E.A., 2015. "Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—An historical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1125-1137.
    2. Raymond, Jasmin & Lamarche, Louis & Malo, Michel, 2015. "Field demonstration of a first thermal response test with a low power source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 30-39.
    3. Gehlin, S.E.A. & Hellström, G., 2003. "Influence on thermal response test by groundwater flow in vertical fractures in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(14), pages 2221-2238.
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    5. Zhang, Changxing & Guo, Zhanjun & Liu, Yufeng & Cong, Xiaochun & Peng, Donggen, 2014. "A review on thermal response test of ground-coupled heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 851-867.
    6. Gustafsson, A.-M. & Westerlund, L., 2011. "Heat extraction thermal response test in groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger – Investigation of the borehole thermal resistance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2388-2394.
    7. Acuña, José & Palm, Björn, 2013. "Distributed thermal response tests on pipe-in-pipe borehole heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 312-320.
    8. Marcotte, D. & Pasquier, P., 2008. "On the estimation of thermal resistance in borehole thermal conductivity test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2407-2415.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wilke, Sascha & Menberg, Kathrin & Steger, Hagen & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Advanced thermal response tests: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    2. Paul Christodoulides & Ana Vieira & Stanislav Lenart & João Maranha & Gregor Vidmar & Rumen Popov & Aleksandar Georgiev & Lazaros Aresti & Georgios Florides, 2020. "Reviewing the Modeling Aspects and Practices of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-45, August.
    3. Zhang, Bo & Gu, Kai & Shi, Bin & Liu, Chun & Bayer, Peter & Wei, Guangqing & Gong, Xülong & Yang, Lei, 2020. "Actively heated fiber optics based thermal response test: A field demonstration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    4. Hakala, Petri & Vallin, Sami & Arola, Teppo & Martinkauppi, Ilkka, 2022. "Novel use of the enhanced thermal response test in crystalline bedrock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 467-482.
    5. Nicolò Giordano & Louis Lamarche & Jasmin Raymond, 2021. "Evaluation of Subsurface Heat Capacity through Oscillatory Thermal Response Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-26, September.
    6. Yoshitaka Sakata & Takao Katsura & Ahmed A. Serageldin & Katsunori Nagano & Motoaki Ooe, 2021. "Evaluating Variability of Ground Thermal Conductivity within a Steep Site by History Matching Underground Distributed Temperatures from Thermal Response Tests," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, March.
    7. BniLam, Noori & Al-Khoury, Rafid, 2020. "Parameter identification algorithm for ground source heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

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