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Childcare Center Evacuation to Vertical Shelters in a Nankai Trough Tsunami: Models to Predict and Mitigate Risk

Author

Listed:
  • Hisao Nakai

    (School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Kahoku 920-0265, Japan)

  • Ryo Horiike

    (Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka Medical and pharmaceutical University, 7-6 Hachonishimachi, Takatsukishi 569-0095, Japan)

  • Tomoya Itatani

    (Division of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan)

  • Yukari Matsumoto

    (School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan)

Abstract

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, vertical evacuation shelters (VES) were constructed to reduce tsunami risk. Childcare centers (CCs) in the inundation area are required to evacuate to the nearest VES in the event of a tsunami. The study aim was to identify CCs and VES predicted to be inundated by a Nankai Trough earthquake-generated tsunami, and to clarify CC inundation risk. We identified 52 (45.6%) CCs in the tsunami inundation area and found that 14 (25.9%) would evacuate toward the tsunami. If the walking speed was 2.24 km/h and a 0.3 m tsunami arrived in 10 min, nine (17.3%) CCs would be late to safe evacuation. If the tsunami arrival time was 20 min, four (7.7%) CCs would have late evacuation. At a walking speed of 1.00 km/h, 38 (73.1%) and 20 (38.5%) CCs would have late evacuation, with tsunami arrival times of 10 min and 20 min, respectively. Evacuation direction is important in avoiding tsunami damage. An evacuation strategy is needed that evacuates people away from the tsunami, and takes into account children’s age, walking speed, and evacuation method. The evaluation of tsunami risk in this study may support the development of tsunami countermeasures in other coastal areas with latent tsunami risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Hisao Nakai & Ryo Horiike & Tomoya Itatani & Yukari Matsumoto, 2022. "Childcare Center Evacuation to Vertical Shelters in a Nankai Trough Tsunami: Models to Predict and Mitigate Risk," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jchals:v:13:y:2022:i:2:p:48-:d:930127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mingwu Ye & Jun Wang & Jing Huang & Shiyuan Xu & Zhenlou Chen, 2012. "Methodology and its application for community-scale evacuation planning against earthquake disaster," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 61(3), pages 881-892, April.
    2. Sangki Park & John van de Lindt & Rakesh Gupta & Daniel Cox, 2012. "Method to determine the locations of tsunami vertical evacuation shelters," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 891-908, September.
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