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The Grain Protein Content of Polish Cereals Other than Wheat: Can It Be Increased by Combining a Crop Sequence System, Cultivar Selection, and Plant Protection?

Author

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  • Marta K. Kostrzewska

    (Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Magdalena Jastrzębska

    (Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

After legumes, cereals are the most important source of protein for humans and livestock worldwide. One way to meet growing nutritional demands is to increase the grain protein content (GPC) of cereals. Breeding advances in this regard should be supported by optimized agricultural practices. The GPCs of winter rye, winter triticale, spring barley, and spring oats grown in 2018–2022 in northeast Poland were evaluated to determine the influence of the crop sequence system (continuous monocropping, crop rotation), cultivar (two for each species), plant protection level (control treatment, herbicide, herbicide, and fungicide), and interactions among these factors. The cultivar selection was a significant GPC determinant in all cereals. Growing triticale in crop rotation after a legume increased its GPC compared to continuous monocropping, but decreased the GPC of rye and had no effect on the GPCs of spring cereal that followed non-legume crops. Using herbicides and herbicides combined with fungicides promoted the GPC of rye and oats, but not of triticale and barley. The heterogeneity of the interaction effects of the studied agricultural practices on the GPCs of the individual cereals prevents the identification of a universal combination that would ensure the highest GPC levels. The inter-annual weather variability played a significant role in shaping the GPCs of cereals and in modifying the influence of the controlled factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta K. Kostrzewska & Magdalena Jastrzębska, 2025. "The Grain Protein Content of Polish Cereals Other than Wheat: Can It Be Increased by Combining a Crop Sequence System, Cultivar Selection, and Plant Protection?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:9:p:1016-:d:1650972
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hong Fan & Rong Miao & Congcong Guo & Xiaoyuan Bao & Wei He & Yali Sun & Cai Zhao, 2025. "Research on the Effect of Diversified Cropping on Crop Quality: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, February.
    2. Marta K. Kostrzewska & Magdalena Jastrzębska, 2024. "Exploiting the Yield Potential of Spring Barley in Poland: The Roles of Crop Rotation, Cultivar, and Plant Protection," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Sylwia Stępniewska & Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak & Anna Fraś & Krzysztof Jończyk & Marcin Studnicki & Magdalena Wiśniewska & Marlena Gzowska & Agnieszka Salamon, 2024. "Effect of Genotype and Environment on Yield and Technological and Nutrition Traits on Winter Rye Grain from Organic Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, December.
    4. Maria Wanic & Magdalena Jastrzębska & Marta K. Kostrzewska & Mariola Parzonka, 2024. "Spelt in Diversified and Spelt-Based Crop Rotations: Grain Yield and Technological and Nutritional Quality," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Krzysztof Lachutta & Krzysztof Józef Jankowski, 2024. "The Quality of Winter Wheat Grain by Different Sowing Strategies and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates: A Case Study in Northeastern Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-28, March.
    6. Dorota Gawęda & Małgorzata Haliniarz, 2021. "Grain Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Depending on Previous Crop and Tillage System," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Andrzej Woźniak & Małgorzata Haliniarz, 2025. "Response of Winter Wheat to 35-Year Cereal Monoculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-11, February.
    8. Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek & Joanna Kaszuba, 2024. "The Influence of Agrotechnical Factors on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Winter Triticale Grain," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Angelique Twizerimana & Etienne Niyigaba & Innocent Mugenzi & Wansim Aboubakar Ngnadong & Chuan Li & Tian Qi Hao & Bosco J. Shio & Jiang Bo Hai, 2020. "The Combined Effect of Different Sowing Methods and Seed Rates on the Quality Features and Yield of Winter Wheat," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
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