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Influence of Plant Growth Retardants and Nitrogen Doses on the Content of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Wheat, the Presence of Pests, and Soil Quality Parameters

Author

Listed:
  • Joanna Lemanowicz

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Bożena Dębska

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Robert Lamparski

    (Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Agata Michalska

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Jarosław Pobereżny

    (Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska

    (Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Agata Bartkowiak

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Małgorzata Szczepanek

    (Department of Agronomy, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Magdalena Banach-Szott

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Tomasz Knapowski

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6/8 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

Abstract

Wheat is the cereal most susceptible to lodging, particularly during the flowering period and at the early ripening stage. The use of plant growth retardants (PGRs) is especially recommended when intensive nitrogen (N) fertilisation is applied, which increases the susceptibility of plants to lodging. This paper presents the results of tests into the effects of PGRs (PGR0—control; PGR1—chlormequat chloride (CCC) + trinexapac-ethyl (TE); PGR2—chlormequat chloride (CCC) + ethephon (ET)), and N dose—N0, N20, N40, and N60 [0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N ha −1 ] on the content of selected plant secondary metabolites (PSM) in the Indian dwarf wheat ( Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) of the Trispa cultivar, and on the abundance of insect pests. In the developmental stage of wheat (BBCH 39), insects were collected with an entomological net. The study also investigated the effect of experimental factors on the physicobiochemical properties of the soil (pH in KC, granulometric composition, total organic carbon TOC, total nitrogen TN, fractional composition of humus, and the activity of enzymes). An increase in the plant secondary metabolite (PSM) and FRAP (ferring reducing ability of plasma) contents following the application of PGRs and N fertilisation already from as low a rate as 20 kg ha −1 was demonstrated. A significant positive correlation was noted between the abundance of Oulema spp. and the contents of total polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, and FRAP. No such relationship was noted for Aphididae or Thysanoptera. TOC content was higher on the plots on which N fertilisation was applied at the highest rate and after the application of PGRs. The factor determining the TN content was N fertilisation. Soil samples of the PGR0 N0 treatment were characterised by the greatest proportion of carbon in the humic and fulvic acid fractions and by the smallest proportion of carbon in the humin fraction. N fertilisation increased the proportion of carbon in the humin fraction on the plots on which no PGRs were applied. The study demonstrated an increase in the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes following the application of higher N rates. The application of PGRs resulted in no inhibition of enzymes in the soil compared to the control (PGRs0).

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Lemanowicz & Bożena Dębska & Robert Lamparski & Agata Michalska & Jarosław Pobereżny & Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska & Agata Bartkowiak & Małgorzata Szczepanek & Magdalena Banach-Szott & Tomasz Knapow, 2023. "Influence of Plant Growth Retardants and Nitrogen Doses on the Content of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Wheat, the Presence of Pests, and Soil Quality Parameters," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:6:p:1121-:d:1156000
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ruijun Qin & Christos Noulas & Don Wysocki & Xi Liang & Guojie Wang & Scott Lukas, 2020. "Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Soft White Winter Wheat under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Scenarios in Irrigated Fields," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Bozena Debska & Karol Kotwica & Magdalena Banach-Szott & Ewa Spychaj-Fabisiak & Erika Tobiašová, 2022. "Soil Fertility Improvement and Carbon Sequestration through Exogenous Organic Matter and Biostimulant Application," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Małgorzata Szczepanek & Grzegorz Lemańczyk & Robert Lamparski & Edward Wilczewski & Radomir Graczyk & Rafał Nowak & Piotr Prus, 2020. "Ancient Wheat Species ( Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
    4. Krzysztof Rutkowski & Grzegorz P. Łysiak & Zofia Zydlik, 2022. "Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization in the Sour Cherry Orchard on Soil Enzymatic Activities, Microbial Population, and Fruit Quality," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-22, December.
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