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Quantification of Impact of Land Use Systems on Runoff and Soil Loss from Ravine Ecosystem of Western India

Author

Listed:
  • Gopal Lal Meena

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Bira Kishore Sethy

    (ICAR—Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793103, Meghalaya, India)

  • Hem Raj Meena

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Shakir Ali

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Ashok Kumar

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Rajive Kumar Singh

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Raghuvir Singh Meena

    (Agricultural Research Station (SKRAU, Bikaner), Sriganganagar 335001, Rajasthan, India)

  • Ram Bhawan Meena

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Agra 282006, Uttar Pradesh, India)

  • Gulshan Kumar Sharma

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

  • Bansi Lal Mina

    (ICAR—National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Station, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India)

  • Kuldeep Kumar

    (ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India)

Abstract

Ravine and gully formations are both spectacular and also the worst forms of water-induced soil erosion and have in situ and ex situ impact on geomorphology, hydrology, productivity and environmental security, and they are the root causes of degradation of marginal and adjacent land along with reduced production potential. A long-term (2011–2019) study was conducted on marginal land of the Chambal ravine to assess the impact of six land uses, i.e., Agriculture (T 1 —Rainfed Soybean), Agri-horticulture (T 2 —Soybean + Manilkara achras ), Horti-Pastoral (T 3 — Emblica officinalis + Cenchurus ciliaris ), Pasture (T 4 — C. ciliaris ), Silviculture (T 5 — Acacia nilotica ) and Silvi-pasture (T 6 — A. nilotica + C. Ciliaris ) on soil properties, runoff interception, sediment trapping and soil loss reduction. The lowest average annual soil loss (4.83 ton ha −1 year −1 ) and runoff (109.52 mm) were recorded under T 4 , while the highest sediment loss (8.09 ton ha −1 year −1 ) and runoff (136.07 mm), respectively, were under T 5 . The runoff coefficient of land uses was in the order of T 3 (20.30%) < T 4 (20.56%) < T 1 (21.95%) < T 2 (22.26%) < T 6 (22.83%) < T 5 (25.54%). The C. ciliaris improved bulk density and recorded lowest in horti-pasture (1.63 ± 0.04 g cm −3 ) followed by pasture (1.66 ± 0.03 g cm −3 ) land use system. The active SOC content in pasture, horti-pasture and silvi-pasture was 0.95, 0.87 and 0.64 times higher, respectively, than agriculture land use. Under pure C. ciliaris cover, resistance to penetration varied from 0.68 to 1.97 MPa, while in silviculture land use, it ranges from 1.19 to 2.90 Mpa. Grass cover had substantial impact on soil loss and runoff reduction, SOC content, soil aggregation and resistance to penetration. In degraded ecosystems, Cenchrus ciliaris can be used alone and in combination with plants for protection of natural resources from water-induced soil erosion, runoff conservation, soil quality improvement and maximization of precipitation water use.

Suggested Citation

  • Gopal Lal Meena & Bira Kishore Sethy & Hem Raj Meena & Shakir Ali & Ashok Kumar & Rajive Kumar Singh & Raghuvir Singh Meena & Ram Bhawan Meena & Gulshan Kumar Sharma & Bansi Lal Mina & Kuldeep Kumar, 2023. "Quantification of Impact of Land Use Systems on Runoff and Soil Loss from Ravine Ecosystem of Western India," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:13:y:2023:i:4:p:773-:d:1108656
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ali, Shakir & Sethy, B.K. & Parandiyal, A.K. & Kumar, Ashok & Singh, R.K. & Somasundaram, J. & Mina, B.L., 2020. "Long-term effects of rainwater conservation measure on improving yield, runoff use efficiency and soil properties of horti-pastoral system on the degraded ravine lands of India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    2. Igor Bogunovic & Kristina Kljak & Ivan Dugan & Darko Grbeša & Leon Josip Telak & Marija Duvnjak & Ivica Kisic & Marijana Kapović Solomun & Paulo Pereira, 2022. "Grassland Management Impact on Soil Degradation and Herbage Nutritional Value in a Temperate Humid Environment," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Xuefeng Xie & Qi Xiang & Tao Wu & Ming Zhu & Fei Xu & Yan Xu & Lijie Pu, 2021. "Impacts of Agricultural Land Reclamation on Soil Nutrient Contents, Pools, Stoichiometry, and Their Relationship to Oat Growth on the East China Coast," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-14, April.
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