IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/epw/ejece0/v8y2024i5id19646.html

Ordered Lorenz Regularization (OLR): A General Method to Mitigate Overfitting in General Insurance Pricing via Machine Learning Algorithms

Author

Listed:
  • Justin Morgan
  • Yanzhen Qu

Abstract

When machine learning algorithms are used to determine the price of general insurance, they can sometimes overfit the data. This overfitting can lead to problems for both customers and insurance companies. To address this issue, we’ve developed a new approach called Ordered Lorenz Regularization (OLR). We have tested OLR on general insurance data. The results have demonstrated that OLR is successful in reducing overfitting. Additionally, when we use OLR for pricing general insurance, it helps establish the lowest and highest possible premiums.

Suggested Citation

  • Justin Morgan & Yanzhen Qu, 2024. "Ordered Lorenz Regularization (OLR): A General Method to Mitigate Overfitting in General Insurance Pricing via Machine Learning Algorithms," European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, European Open Science, vol. 8(5), pages 6-11, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:epw:ejece0:v:8:y:2024:i:5:id:19646
    DOI: 10.24018/ejece.2024.8.5.646
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece/article/view/19646
    File Function: Abstract page
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece/article/download/19646/11515
    File Function: Full text
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.24018/ejece.2024.8.5.646?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Frees, Edward W. & Meyers, Glenn & Cummings, A. David, 2011. "Summarizing Insurance Scores Using a Gini Index," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 106(495), pages 1085-1098.
    2. Roel Henckaerts & Marie-Pier Côté & Katrien Antonio & Roel Verbelen, 2021. "Boosting Insights in Insurance Tariff Plans with Tree-Based Machine Learning Methods," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 255-285, April.
    3. Liqun Diao & Chengguo Weng, 2019. "Regression Tree Credibility Model," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 169-196, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang Qiao & Chou-Wen Wang & Wenjun Zhu, 2024. "Machine learning in long-term mortality forecasting," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(2), pages 340-362, April.
    2. Gu, Zheng & Li, Yunxian & Zhang, Minghui & Liu, Yifei, 2023. "Modelling economic losses from earthquakes using regression forests: Application to parametric insurance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    3. Gao, Lisa & Shi, Peng, 2022. "Leveraging high-resolution weather information to predict hail damage claims: A spatial point process for replicated point patterns," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 161-179.
    4. Verschuren, Robert Matthijs, 2022. "Frequency-severity experience rating based on latent Markovian risk profiles," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 379-392.
    5. Yaojun Zhang & Lanpeng Ji & Georgios Aivaliotis & Charles C. Taylor, 2024. "Bayesian CART models for aggregate claim modeling," Papers 2409.01908, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2025.
    6. Deprez, Laurens & Antonio, Katrien & Boute, Robert, 2021. "Pricing service maintenance contracts using predictive analytics," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(2), pages 530-545.
    7. Kaiwen Wang & Jiehui Ding & Kristen R. Lidwell & Scott Manski & Gee Y. Lee & Emilio Xavier Esposito, 2019. "Treatment Level and Store Level Analyses of Healthcare Data," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-22, April.
    8. Gian Paolo Clemente & Francesco Della Corte & Nino Savelli & Diego Zappa, 2023. "Special Issue “Data Science in Insurance”," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-3, April.
    9. Kita-Wojciechowska Kinga & Kidziński Łukasz, 2019. "Google Street View image predicts car accident risk," Central European Economic Journal, Sciendo, vol. 6(53), pages 151-163, January.
    10. Simon Hatzesberger & Iris Nonneman, 2025. "Advanced Applications of Generative AI in Actuarial Science: Case Studies Beyond ChatGPT," Papers 2506.18942, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2026.
    11. Cheung, Ka Chun & Yam, Sheung Chi Phillip & Zhang, Yiying, 2022. "Satisficing credibility for heterogeneous risks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(2), pages 752-768.
    12. Xuehua Yin & Dan Zhu & Chuancun Yin, 2019. "Stochastic comparisons of sample mean differences for multivariate random variables," Papers 1908.01943, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2026.
    13. Denuit, Michel & Trufin, Julien & Verdebout, Thomas, 2021. "Testing for more positive expectation dependence with application to model comparison," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 163-172.
    14. Thomas Poufinas & Periklis Gogas & Theophilos Papadimitriou & Emmanouil Zaganidis, 2023. "Machine Learning in Forecasting Motor Insurance Claims," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-19, September.
    15. Sebastian Calcetero-Vanegas & Andrei L. Badescu & X. Sheldon Lin, 2022. "Effective experience rating for large insurance portfolios via surrogate modeling," Papers 2211.06568, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2024.
    16. Montserrat Guillen & Jens Perch Nielsen & Mercedes Ayuso & Ana M. Pérez‐Marín, 2019. "The Use of Telematics Devices to Improve Automobile Insurance Rates," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(3), pages 662-672, March.
    17. Catalina Lozano-Murcia & Francisco P. Romero & Jesus Serrano-Guerrero & Jose A. Olivas, 2023. "A Comparison between Explainable Machine Learning Methods for Classification and Regression Problems in the Actuarial Context," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-20, July.
    18. Oh, Rosy & Jeong, Himchan & Ahn, Jae Youn & Valdez, Emiliano A., 2021. "A multi-year microlevel collective risk model," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 309-328.
    19. Cheung, Eric C.K. & Ni, Weihong & Oh, Rosy & Woo, Jae-Kyung, 2021. "Bayesian credibility under a bivariate prior on the frequency and the severity of claims," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 274-295.
    20. Kim, Bara & Kim, Jeongsim, 2019. "Stochastic ordering of Gini indexes for multivariate elliptical risks," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 151-158.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:epw:ejece0:v:8:y:2024:i:5:id:19646. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: support (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejece .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.