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Cooperación y desigualdad

Author

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  • Strauss, David

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE))

Abstract

Background: Inequality increased in recent years. Among the explanatory forces recent improvements in the information and communication technology play a dominant role. The reason is that those improvements facilitate certain forms of cooperation among agents which changes the division of the economic surplus. Methods: In order to study how different forms of cooperation affect inequality, I develop a model of cooperation among heterogeneously talented agents allowing for two types of cooperation: Between-task cooperation and within-task cooperation. The former reflects the assignment of different agents to different tasks. The latter represents the reassignment of tasks in case of non-compliance of some agent. The costs of this form of cooperation decreased substantially due to the spread of internet, e-mail, cellular phones, and wireless technology. The equilibrium allocation is characterized, particularly the equilibrium sorting of agents into cooperations and the matching between agents. Results: Cooperation leads to increasing inequality at the top and decreasing inequality at the bottom of the talent distribution in comparison to a hypothetical situation without any division of labor. Additionally, within-task cooperation is shown to be more inequality-enhancing than between-task cooperation. Thus, the model is able to generate the recent spike in income inequality due to the ICT revolution in recent years. Moreover, the model implies a positive correlation between higher moments of the talent distribution and the skill premium which is consistent with the empirical evidence and sheds some light on potential evolutions in inequality due to changes in the distribution of task difficulty over time. Conclusions: Recent improvements in the information and communication technology is likely to cause new spikes in inequality. The society has to be aware of those tendencies to fight poverty and the exclusion of large parts of the society when it comes to economic development.// Antecedentes: La desigualdad ha aumentado en los últimos años. Los avances recientes en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación tienen un papel dominante entre las fuerzas explicativas. La razón es que tales avances facilitan ciertas formas de cooperación entre los agentes que cambian la división del excedente económico. Métodos: Para poder estudiar la manera en que diferentes formas de cooperación afectan la desigualdad se elaboró un modelo de cooperación entre agentes de talentos heterogéneos que permiten dos tipos de cooperación: entre tareas y dentro de tareas. La primera refleja la asignación de diferentes agentes para diferentes tareas. La segunda representa la reasignación de tareas en caso de que algún agente no cumpla. Los costos de esta forma de cooperación disminuyeron de manera sustancial debido a la difusión de Internet, el correo electrónico, los teléfonos celulares y la tecnología inalámbrica. La asignación del equilibrio es caracterizada, en particular la clasificación del equilibrio de agentes en cooperaciones y la concordancia entre agentes. Resultados: La cooperación lleva a una mayor desigualdad en la parte superior y a una menor desigualdad en la parte inferior de la distribución del talento en comparación con una situación hipotética sin ninguna división del trabajo. Además, se ha demostrado que la cooperación dentro de las tareas tiende a aumentar más la desigualdad que la cooperación entre las tareas. Por lo tanto, el modelo es capaz de generar el reciente incremento en la desigualdad de ingresos debido a la revolución de las TIC en los últimos años. Además, el modelo implica una correlación positiva entre los momentos más altos de la distribución del talento y la prima por cualificaciones que es coherente con la evidencia empírica y esclarece algunas evoluciones potenciales en la desigualdad debido a cambios en la distribución de la dificultad de las tareas a lo largo del tiempo. Conclusiones: Es probable que los recientes avances en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación causen nuevos incrementos en la desigualdad. La sociedad debe estar consciente de esas tendencias para luchar contra la pobreza y la exclusión de sectores amplios de la sociedad cuando se trata de desarrollo económico.

Suggested Citation

  • Strauss, David, 2017. "Cooperación y desigualdad," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(333), pages .193-236, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:333:p:193-236
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i333.267
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    cooperación; desigualdad; elección ocupacional; diferenciales salariales; organización de la empresa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
    • M5 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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