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Las reformas a la seguridad social y el comportamiento del mercado laboral en Brasil

Author

Listed:
  • Galrâo Carneiro, Francisco

    (Banco Mundial y Universidad Católica de Brasilia)

  • Henley, Andrew

    (Universidad de Gales Swansea)

Abstract

The article uses aggregate time series data to estimate real wage elasticities of demand for covered and uncovered labour. The results of long-run analysis suggest that the demand for covered sector employment is more elastic than for uncovered. So increased formal sector real wages, for example caused by increased social security contributions which are passed on through collective bargaining into higher real gross wages, will damage covered employment. Any mitigating effect on increased uncovered employment will be less, suggesting that some covered employees will be displaced from the formal labor market into unemployment. The article concludes that a low (relative) supply elasticity combined with more elastic demand elasticities suggests that policies to engineering a shift in relative supply towards covered employment will be more effective in increasing social protection, than attempts to increase demand for covered employment. However both employees and employers need to perceive that the benefits of social protection outweigh the costs. Therefore, policy should be directed towards designing efficient and effective systems of social protection available at low cost for all, rather than the current, rigid, expensive, “one size fits all” model currently in operation in Brazil.// El artículo usa datos de series temporales agregadas para estimar elasticidades de demanda por trabajo formal e informal respecto a salarios reales. Los resultados del análisis de largo plazo sugieren que el empleo en el sector formal es más elástico que en el sector informal. Por tanto, un incremento de los salarios reales en el sector formal, causado, por ejemplo, por un incremento de las contribuciones a la seguridad social que son reflejadas en mayores salarios reales brutos por medio de negociación colectiva, puede deteriorar el empleo formal. El efecto opuesto causado por el incremento en el empleo informal será menor, lo que sugiere que los empleados del sector formal serán desplazados hacia el desempleo. El artículo concluye que una baja elasticidad de oferta (relativa) combinada con una demanda (relativamente) más elástica sugiere que políticas encaminadas a aumentar la oferta relativa de empleo formal serían más eficientes en incrementar la protección social que intentos de aumentar la demanda de empleo formal. Sin embargo, empleadores y empleados necesitan percibir que los beneficios de la protección social son mayores que los costos. Por tanto, las políticas deben ser dirigidas a la elaboración eficiente de sistemas de protección social a bajo costo para todos, en vez del actual rígido y caro modelo brasileño.

Suggested Citation

  • Galrâo Carneiro, Francisco & Henley, Andrew, 2006. "Las reformas a la seguridad social y el comportamiento del mercado laboral en Brasil," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(289), pages 87-124, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:73:y:2006:i:289:p:87-124
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v73i289.553
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    salario mínimo; empleo; análisis de cointegración;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J51 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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