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La América Latina y la economía mundial en el largo siglo XX

Author

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  • Ocampo, José Antonio

    (Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU))

Abstract

This paper draws the broad trends of Latin American economic development and its relations to the world economy since 1870. It presents the raw materials dependence of the region, its industrialization strategy, the incidence of unstable capital flows, as well as of macroeconomic policy, as the fundamental factors that helped to shape the central features of Latin American economic development during this “long twentieth century”. It also explores the role of mayor international shocks vs. that of ideas and policies in the two major transitions experienced during the century. The analysis is divided in three broad phases: the “export age”, from the 1870s/1880s to the 1920s; the phase of “state-led industrialization”, between the 1930s and the 1970s; and the most recent period, which is termed the “neo-liberal order”.// Este ensayo presenta las principales tendencias del desarrollo latinoamericano y sus relaciones con la economía mundial desde 1870. Considera la dependencia regional de las materias primas, su estrategia de industrialización, la incidencia de la inestabilidad de los flujos de capital y la política macroeconómica como los factores fundamentales que ayudaron a moldear los rasgos centrales del desarrollo de la América Latina durante ese “largo siglo XX”. Explora también el papel que tuvieron los choques internacionales frente al papel de las ideas y las políticas en las dos transiciones principales que se experimentaron durante el siglo. El análisis se divide en tres fases: la “era de las exportaciones”, entre los decenios de 1870-1880 y los años 1920; la fase de “industrialización dirigida por el Estado” entre los decenios de 1930 y 1970, y el periodo más reciente, al que se denomina como “el orden neoliberal”.

Suggested Citation

  • Ocampo, José Antonio, 2004. "La América Latina y la economía mundial en el largo siglo XX," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(284), pages 725-786, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:71:y:2004:i:284:p:725-786
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Carlos Moreno Brid & Esteban Pérez Caldentey, 2010. "Trade and Economic Growth: A Latin American Perspective on Rhetoric and Reality," Chapters, in: Mark Setterfield (ed.), Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Growth, chapter 20, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Jose Peres Cajias & Marc Badia-Miro & Anna Carreras-Marin, 2012. "Intraregional trade in South America, 1913-50. Economic linkages before institutional agreements," Working Papers in Economics 270, Universitat de Barcelona. Espai de Recerca en Economia.
    3. Leonardo Villar & Pilar Esguerra, 2005. "Comercio Exterior Colombiano En El Siglo Xx," Borradores de Economia 358, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Dombois, Rainer, 2015. "Wohlfahrtsmix, Wohlfahrtsregime und Arbeit in Lateinamerika," Schriftenreihe Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft 20/2015, Institut Arbeit und Wirtschaft (IAW), Universität Bremen und Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen.
    5. Alarco Tosoni, Germán, 2014. "Wage share and economic growth in Latin America, 1950-2011," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    6. Rivera-Basques, Luisa & Duarte, Rosa & Sánchez-Chóliz, Julio, 2021. "Unequal ecological exchange in the era of global value chains: The case of Latin America," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    7. Sergio Tezanos Vázquez & Rogelio Madrueño Aguilar & Marta Guijarro Garví, 2009. "Impacto de la ayuda sobre el crecimiento económico. El caso de América Latina y el Caribe," Documentos de trabajo sobre cooperación y desarrollo 200904, Cátedra de Cooperación Internacional y con Iberoamérica (COIBA), Universidad de Cantabria.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    desarrollo; crecimiento; América Latina; siglo XX; política macroeconómica; industrialización; materias primas;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N56 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N66 - Economic History - - Manufacturing and Construction - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • N76 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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