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Does neighborhood violence lead to depression among caregivers of children with asthma?

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Listed:
  • Tonorezos, Emily S.
  • Breysse, Patrick N.
  • Matsui, Elizabeth C.
  • McCormack, Meredith C.
  • Curtin-Brosnan, Jean
  • Williams, D'Ann
  • Hansel, Nadia N.
  • Eggleston, Peyton A.
  • Diette, Gregory B.

Abstract

Prior studies have related community violence to depression among children, but few studies have examined this relationship among adults. We hypothesized that victimization, awareness, and fear of neighborhood violence would increase the odds of depression among adult caregivers of children with asthma. We surveyed caregivers in the Baltimore Indoor Environment Study of Asthma in Kids (BIESAK), USA. The primary outcome was screening positive for depression on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression index. We assessed victimization, awareness, and fear of neighborhood violence, and conducted spatial analysis identifying subject homes within 500Â ft of a homicide to validate survey measures of neighborhood violence. A multilevel logistic model with clustering by neighborhood estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Survey responses about fear of neighborhood violence were strongly predicted by having a home within 500Â ft of a homicide. Of 150 caregivers of children with asthma, 49% were aware of a neighborhood violent event, 36% were fearful of neighborhood violence, 22% reported victimization, and 27% had a homicide within 500Â ft of the home. In our multilevel model, fear of violence increased the odds of depression by 6.7. Victimization was associated with a possible trend towards depression, and awareness of neighborhood violence did not increase the odds of depression. Based on our findings, personal experience with neighborhood violence may be more important than simple awareness. Health care workers should consider screening for depression among patients exposed to community violence.

Suggested Citation

  • Tonorezos, Emily S. & Breysse, Patrick N. & Matsui, Elizabeth C. & McCormack, Meredith C. & Curtin-Brosnan, Jean & Williams, D'Ann & Hansel, Nadia N. & Eggleston, Peyton A. & Diette, Gregory B., 2008. "Does neighborhood violence lead to depression among caregivers of children with asthma?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 31-37, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:67:y:2008:i:1:p:31-37
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sherbourne, Cathy Donald & Stewart, Anita L., 1991. "The MOS social support survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 705-714, January.
    2. Cannuscio, Carolyn C. & Colditz, Graham A. & Rimm, Eric B. & Berkman, Lisa F. & Jones, Camara P. & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2004. "Employment status, social ties, and caregivers' mental health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(7), pages 1247-1256, April.
    3. Wright, R.J. & Mitchell, H. & Visness, C.M. & Cohen, S. & Stout, J. & Evans, R. & Gold, D.R., 2004. "Community Violence and Asthma Morbidity: The Inner-City Asthma Study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(4), pages 625-632.
    4. Swahn, M.H. & Bossarte, R.M., 2006. "The associations between victimization, feeling unsafe, and asthma episodes among US high-school students," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(5), pages 802-804.
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    Cited by:

    1. Frampton, Geoff K. & Shepherd, Jonathan & Dorne, Jean-Lou C.M., 2009. "Demographic data in asthma clinical trials: A systematic review with implications for generalizing trial findings and tackling health disparities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 1147-1154, October.

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