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Reducing child mortality in Nigeria: A case study of immunization and systemic factors

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  • Ngowu, Rufus
  • Larson, James S.
  • Kim, Min Su

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to assess the outcome of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Nigeria, as well as to examine systemic factors influencing its high under-five mortality rate (UFMR). The principal objective of the EPI program when it was implemented in 1978 was to reduce mortality, morbidity and disability associated with six vaccine preventable diseases namely tuberculosis, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, pertussis and poliomyelitis. The methodological approach to this study is quantitative, using secondary time series data from 1970 to 2003. The study tested three hypotheses using time series multiple regression analysis with autocorrelation adjustment as a statistical model. The results showed that the EPI program had little effect on UFMR in Nigeria. Only the literacy rate and domestic spending on healthcare had statistically significant effects on the UFMR. The military government was not a significant factor in reducing or increasing the UFMR. It appears that Nigeria needs a unified approach to healthcare delivery, rather than fragmented programs, to overcome cultural and political divisions in society.

Suggested Citation

  • Ngowu, Rufus & Larson, James S. & Kim, Min Su, 2008. "Reducing child mortality in Nigeria: A case study of immunization and systemic factors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 161-164, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:67:y:2008:i:1:p:161-164
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    1. Dike, Nkem & Onwujekwe, Obinna & Ojukwu, Juliana & Ikeme, Arthur & Uzochukwu, Benjamin & Shu, Elvis, 2006. "Influence of education and knowledge on perceptions and practices to control malaria in Southeast Nigeria," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 103-106, July.
    2. Zubeda Khan, 1993. "Immunisation and Infant Mortality in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 32(4), pages 1117-1123.
    3. Damian Walker & Julia A. Fox‐Rushby, 2000. "Economic evaluation of communicable disease interventions in developing countries: a critical review of the published literature," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 9(8), pages 681-698, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Okechukwu D. Anyamele & Benedict N. Akanegbu & John O. Ukawuilulu, 2015. "Trends and Disparities in Infant and Child Mortality in Nigeria Using Pooled 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Survey Data," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, October.
    2. Okechukwu D. Anyamele & Benedict N. Akanegbu & Jean-Claude Assadand John O. Ukawuilulu, 2017. "Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from Pooled 2003 and 2008 DHS Data," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 7(6), pages 1-5.

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