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Effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes in less segregated communities

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  • Vinikoor, Lisa C.
  • Kaufman, Jay S.
  • MacLehose, Richard F.
  • Laraia, Barbara A.

Abstract

A previous publication in this journal documented a decreased risk of adverse birth outcomes when African-American women have a positive income incongruity (defined as mothers living in a census tract with a higher household income than would be expected based on their individual education and marital status) and live in a census tract with "predominately African-American" residents [Pickett, K. E., Collins, J. W. Jr., Masi, C. M., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2005). The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes. Social Science & Medicine, 60(10), 2229-2238.]. The communities included in that study were from Chicago and were highly segregated by race. Our objective was to repeat this analysis in a less severely segregated environment: two urban counties (Wake and Durham) in central North Carolina. Rather than assuming an absence of knowledge about the effects of interest, we used the previously published results to inform our prior distributions in a Bayesian logistic regression analysis. This approach, which is analogous to a meta-analysis of the two studies, revealed a protective effect of positive income incongruity for African-American women living in census tracts with high relative African-American density across a much wider range of residential segregation patterns. Positive income incongruity was not associated with a decreased risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery for women living in tracts with a low relative density of African-Americans. These estimates are comparable to those that might have been observed had the original authors included a much more diverse set of communities with respect to degree of segregation, and so these new results provide important information about the generality of this intriguing finding.

Suggested Citation

  • Vinikoor, Lisa C. & Kaufman, Jay S. & MacLehose, Richard F. & Laraia, Barbara A., 2008. "Effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes in less segregated communities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 255-259, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:66:y:2008:i:2:p:255-259
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Collins Jr., J.W. & Herman, A.A. & David, R.J., 1997. "Very-low-birthweight infants and income incongruity among African American and white parents in Chicago," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(3), pages 414-417.
    2. Pickett, Kate E. & Collins, James Jr & Masi, Christopher M. & Wilkinson, Richard G., 2005. "The effects of racial density and income incongruity on pregnancy outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(10), pages 2229-2238, May.
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    1. Thorsen, Maggie L. & Thorsen, Andreas & McGarvey, Ronald, 2019. "Operational efficiency, patient composition and regional context of U.S. health centers: Associations with access to early prenatal care and low birth weight," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 143-152.
    2. Thorsen, Maggie & McGarvey, Ronald & Thorsen, Andreas, 2020. "Diabetes management at community health centers: Examining associations with patient and regional characteristics, efficiency, and staffing patterns," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    3. Mehra, Renee & Boyd, Lisa M. & Ickovics, Jeannette R., 2017. "Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 237-250.
    4. Maayan Yitshak-Sade & M. Patricia Fabian & Kevin J. Lane & Jaime E. Hart & Joel D. Schwartz & Francine Laden & Peter James & Kelvin C. Fong & Itai Kloog & Antonella Zanobetti, 2020. "Estimating the Combined Effects of Natural and Built Environmental Exposures on Birthweight among Urban Residents in Massachusetts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-16, November.
    5. Daniel Kim & Adrianna Saada, 2013. "The Social Determinants of Infant Mortality and Birth Outcomes in Western Developed Nations: A Cross-Country Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-40, June.
    6. Charlene C. Nielsen & Carl G. Amrhein & Alvaro R. Osornio-Vargas, 2019. "Geographical Analysis of the Distribution of Publications Describing Spatial Associations among Outdoor Environmental Variables and Really Small Newborns in the USA and Canada," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-29, January.
    7. Pickett, Kate E. & Shaw, Richard J. & Atkin, Karl & Kiernan, Kathleen E. & Wilkinson, Richard G., 2009. "Ethnic density effects on maternal and infant health in the Millennium Cohort Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 1476-1483, November.
    8. Ncube, Collette N. & Enquobahrie, Daniel A. & Albert, Steven M. & Herrick, Amy L. & Burke, Jessica G., 2016. "Association of neighborhood context with offspring risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 156-164.
    9. Phillips, Ghasi S. & Wise, Lauren A. & Rich-Edwards, Janet W. & Stampfer, Meir J. & Rosenberg, Lynn, 2009. "Income incongruity, relative household income, and preterm birth in the Black Women's Health Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2122-2128, June.

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