IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v388y2026ics0277953625010731.html

State-level structural sexism and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Dore, Emily C.
  • Homan, Patricia A.
  • Kershaw, Kiarri N.
  • Mukaz, Debora Kamin
  • Fields, Nicole D.

Abstract

Research links structural sexism to health in the US, but its impacts on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unknown. We examined: (1) associations between state-level structural sexism and CVD outcomes and (2) whether associations differed across race/ethnicity.

Suggested Citation

  • Dore, Emily C. & Homan, Patricia A. & Kershaw, Kiarri N. & Mukaz, Debora Kamin & Fields, Nicole D., 2026. "State-level structural sexism and cardiovascular disease outcomes in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 388(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:388:y:2026:i:c:s0277953625010731
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118742
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953625010731
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118742?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lukachko, Alicia & Hatzenbuehler, Mark L. & Keyes, Katherine M., 2014. "Structural racism and myocardial infarction in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 42-50.
    2. Zheng, Hui, 2012. "Do people die from income inequality of a decade ago?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(1), pages 36-45.
    3. Enrique Acosta & Neil Mehta & Mikko Myrskylä & Marcus Ebeling, 2022. "Cardiovascular Mortality Gap Between the United States and Other High Life Expectancy Countries in 2000–2016," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 77(Supplemen), pages 148-157.
    4. Beccia, Ariel L. & Austin, S. Bryn & Baek, Jonggyu & Agénor, Madina & Forrester, Sarah & Ding, Eric Y. & Jesdale, William M. & Lapane, Kate L., 2022. "Cumulative exposure to state-level structural sexism and risk of disordered eating: Results from a 20-year prospective cohort study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    5. Pratley, Pierre, 2016. "Associations between quantitative measures of women's empowerment and access to care and health status for mothers and their children: A systematic review of evidence from the developing world," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 119-131.
    6. Hessami, Zohal & da Fonseca, Mariana Lopes, 2020. "Female political representation and substantive effects on policies: A literature review," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    7. Courtenay, Will H., 2000. "Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 50(10), pages 1385-1401, May.
    8. Zubizarreta, Dougie & Beccia, Ariel L., 2025. "Quantitative approaches to structural intersectionality research: Conceptual and methodologic considerations," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    9. Mahasin S. Mujahid & Xing Gao & Loni P. Tabb & Colleen Morris & Tené T. Lewis, 2021. "Historical redlining and cardiovascular health: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 118(51), pages 2110986118-, December.
    10. Connell, Raewyn, 2012. "Gender, health and theory: Conceptualizing the issue, in local and world perspective," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(11), pages 1675-1683.
    11. Nagle, Amanda & Samari, Goleen, 2021. "State-level structural sexism and cesarean sections in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    12. Homan, Patricia, 2024. "Health consequences of structural sexism: Conceptual foundations, empirical evidence and priorities for future research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    13. repec:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.304080_0 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Zheng, Hui, 2009. "Rising U.S. income inequality, gender and individual self-rated health, 1972-2004," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(9), pages 1333-1342, November.
    15. Everett, Bethany G. & Philbin, Morgan M. & Homan, Patricia, 2024. "Structural heteropatriarchy and maternal cardiovascular morbidities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    16. Krieger, N., 2012. "Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: An ecosocial approach," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(5), pages 936-945.
    17. Wells, Jonathan C.K. & Marphatia, Akanksha A. & Cole, Tim J. & McCoy, David, 2012. "Associations of economic and gender inequality with global obesity prevalence: Understanding the female excess," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(3), pages 482-490.
    18. Jones, C.P., 2000. "Levels of racism: A theoretic framework and a gardener's tale," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 90(8), pages 1212-1215.
    19. Pickett, Kate E. & Wilkinson, Richard G., 2015. "Income inequality and health: A causal review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 316-326.
    20. Bowleg, L., 2012. "The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality-an important theoretical framework for public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(7), pages 1267-1273.
    21. Montez, J.K., 2017. "Deregulation, devolution, and state preemption laws' impact on us mortality trends," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(11), pages 1749-1750.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Homan, Patricia, 2024. "Health consequences of structural sexism: Conceptual foundations, empirical evidence and priorities for future research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    2. Neblett, Enrique W., 2023. "Racism measurement and influences, variations on scientific racism, and a vision," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    3. Beccia, Ariel L. & Agénor, Madina & Baek, Jonggyu & Ding, Eric Y. & Lapane, Kate L. & Austin, S. Bryn, 2024. "Methods for structural sexism and population health research: Introducing a novel analytic framework to capture life-course and intersectional effects," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    4. Bright, Sophie & Buckley, Charlotte & Holman, Daniel & Henney, Madeleine & Tabb, Loni Philip & Purshouse, Robin, 2025. "The association between macro-level structural discrimination and alcohol outcomes: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 385(C).
    5. Tuder, Sylvie, 2026. "Racialized heteropatriarchy, sexual minority status, and cardiometabolic risk among Black and White young adult women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 391(C).
    6. Griffith, Derek M., 2024. "Gender health equity: The case for including men's health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    7. Layland, Eric K. & Maggs, Jennifer L. & Kipke, Michele D. & Bray, Bethany C., 2022. "Intersecting racism and homonegativism among sexual minority men of color: Latent class analysis of multidimensional stigma with subgroup differences in health and sociostructural burdens," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    8. Xiong, Ning & Wei, Yehua Dennis, 2025. "Economic inequality, intergenerational mobility, and life expectancy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 366(C).
    9. Chambers, Brittany D. & Fontenot, Jazmin & McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer & Blebu, Bridgette E. & Edwards, Brittany N. & Hutchings, Nicole & Karasek, Deborah & Coleman-Phox, Kimberly & Curry, Venise C. & Ku, 2023. "“It was just one moment that I felt like I was being judged”: Pregnant and postpartum black Women's experiences of personal and group-based racism during the COVID-19 pandemic," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    10. Hogan, Vijaya K. & de Araujo, Edna M. & Caldwell, Kia L. & Gonzalez-Nahm, Sarah N. & Black, Kristin Z., 2018. "“We black women have to kill a lion everyday”: An intersectional analysis of racism and social determinants of health in Brazil," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 96-105.
    11. Everett, Bethany G. & Philbin, Morgan M. & Homan, Patricia, 2024. "Structural heteropatriarchy and maternal cardiovascular morbidities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 351(S1).
    12. Bridget Gorman & Justin Denney & Hilary Dowdy & Rose Medeiros, 2015. "A New Piece of the Puzzle: Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Physical Health Status," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(4), pages 1357-1382, August.
    13. Hicken, Margaret T. & Kravitz-Wirtz, Nicole & Durkee, Myles & Jackson, James S., 2018. "Racial inequalities in health: Framing future research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 11-18.
    14. Akinade, Temitope & Kheyfets, Anna & Piverger, Naissa & Layne, Tracy M. & Howell, Elizabeth A. & Janevic, Teresa, 2023. "The influence of racial-ethnic discrimination on women's health care outcomes: A mixed methods systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    15. Kangmennaang, Joseph & Elliott, Susan J., 2018. "Towards an integrated framework for understanding the links between inequalities and wellbeing of places in low and middle income countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 45-53.
    16. Kellogg, Alexander J. & Hancock, David W. & Cho, Grace Y. & Reid, Allecia E., 2023. "Community-level age bias and older adult mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    17. Riley, Taylor & Enquobahrie, Daniel A. & Callegari, Lisa S. & Hajat, Anjum, 2024. "Structural gendered racism and preterm birth inequities in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    18. Tamene, Mahader & McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer & Ahern, Jennifer & Bradshaw, Patrick T. & Carmichael, Suzan L. & Mujahid, Mahasin S., 2025. "Structural racism and perinatal mental health – The role of racialized economic segregation," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    19. Gilbert, Paul A. & Zemore, Sarah E., 2016. "Discrimination and drinking: A systematic review of the evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 178-194.
    20. Priest, Naomi & Doery, Kate & Lim, Chiao Kee & Lawrence, Jourdyn A. & Zoumboulis, Georgia & King, Gabriella & Lamisa, Dewan & He, Fan & Wijesuriya, Rushani & Mateo, Camila M. & Chong, Shiau & Truong, , 2024. "Racism and health and wellbeing among children and youth–An updated systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:388:y:2026:i:c:s0277953625010731. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.