IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/socmed/v268y2021ics0277953620306456.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How and why patients made Long Covid

Author

Listed:
  • Callard, Felicity
  • Perego, Elisa

Abstract

Patients collectively made Long Covid – and cognate term ‘Long-haul Covid’ – in the first months of the pandemic. Patients, many with initially ‘mild’ illness, used various kinds of evidence and advocacy to demonstrate a longer, more complex course of illness than laid out in initial reports from Wuhan. Long Covid has a strong claim to be the first illness created through patients finding one another on Twitter: it moved from patients, through various media, to formal clinical and policy channels in just a few months. This initial mapping of Long Covid – by two patients with this illness – focuses on actors in the UK and USA and demonstrates how patients marshalled epistemic authority. Patient knowledge needs to be incorporated into how COVID-19 is conceptualised, researched, and treated.

Suggested Citation

  • Callard, Felicity & Perego, Elisa, 2021. "How and why patients made Long Covid," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:268:y:2021:i:c:s0277953620306456
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620306456
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dumit, Joseph, 2006. "Illnesses you have to fight to get: Facts as forces in uncertain, emergent illnesses," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(3), pages 577-590, February.
    2. Nisreen A. Alwan, 2020. "A negative COVID-19 test does not mean recovery," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7820), pages 170-170, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Daniel M. Altmann & Catherine J. Reynolds & George Joy & Ashley D. Otter & Joseph M. Gibbons & Corinna Pade & Leo Swadling & Mala K. Maini & Tim Brooks & Amanda Semper & Áine McKnight & Mahdad Noursad, 2023. "Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 are not associated with differential SARS-CoV-2 antibody or T cell immunity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Giuseppe Craparo & Valentina Lucia La Rosa & Elena Commodari & Graziella Marino & Michela Vezzoli & Palmira Faraci & Carmelo Mario Vicario & Gabriella Serena Cinà & Morena Colombi & Giuseppe Arcoleo &, 2022. "What Is the Role of Psychological Factors in Long COVID Syndrome? Latent Class Analysis in a Sample of Patients Recovered from COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Turner, Melody & Beckwith, Helen & Spratt, Tanisha & Vallejos, Elvira Perez & Coughlan, Barry, 2023. "The #longcovid revolution: A reflexive thematic analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    4. Jacqueline A. Krysa & Sidney Horlick & Kiran Pohar Manhas & Katharina Kovacs Burns & Mikayla Buell & Maria J. Santana & Kristine Russell & Elizabeth Papathanassoglou & Chester Ho, 2023. "Accessing Care Services for Long COVID Sufferers in Alberta, Canada: A Random, Cross-Sectional Survey Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(15), pages 1-14, July.
    5. Rohitash Chandra & Ayush Jain & Divyanshu Singh Chauhan, 2022. "Deep learning via LSTM models for COVID-19 infection forecasting in India," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-28, January.
    6. Sætra, Henrik Skaug, 2022. "The ethics of trading privacy for security: The multifaceted effects of privacy on liberty and security," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    7. Mullard, Jordan C.R. & Kawalek, Jessica & Parkin, Amy & Rayner, Clare & Mir, Ghazala & Sivan, Manoj & Greenhalgh, Trisha, 2023. "Towards evidence-based and inclusive models of peer support for long covid: A hermeneutic systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    8. Sarah Houben & Bruno Bonnechère, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Function and the Implication for Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Matthew Whitaker & Joshua Elliott & Marc Chadeau-Hyam & Steven Riley & Ara Darzi & Graham Cooke & Helen Ward & Paul Elliott, 2022. "Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    10. Webb, Erin & Hernández-Quevedo, Cristina & Williams, Gemma & Scarpetti, Giada & Reed, Sarah & Panteli, Dimitra, 2022. "Providing health services effectively during the first wave of COVID-19: A cross-country comparison on planning services, managing cases, and maintaining essential services," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(5), pages 382-390.
    11. Paul B. Perrin & Daniela Ramos-Usuga & Samuel J. West & Kritzia Merced & Daniel W. Klyce & Anthony H. Lequerica & Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa & Elisabet Alzueta & Fiona C. Baker & Stella Iacovides & Mar , 2022. "Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral Symptom Patterns in an International Sample of Spanish-Speakers with a History of COVID-19 and Controls," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-11, December.
    12. Evan Xu & Yan Xie & Ziyad Al-Aly, 2023. "Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    13. Roth, Phillip H. & Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla, 2022. "The contested meaning of “long COVID” – Patients, doctors, and the politics of subjective evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    14. Leoni-Johanna Speichert & Adam Schweda & Oliver Witzke & Margarethe Konik & Hana Rohn & Mark Stettner & Venja Musche & Klaas Herchert & Madeleine Fink & Sheila Geiger & Alexander Bäuerle & Eva-Maria S, 2022. "Fear of Death during COVID-19 Does Not Explain Post-Infection Depression Symptoms beyond Reported Symptoms during the Infection in COVID-19 Survivors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-10, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Roth, Phillip H. & Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla, 2022. "The contested meaning of “long COVID” – Patients, doctors, and the politics of subjective evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    2. Locock, Louise & Nettleton, Sarah & Kirkpatrick, Susan & Ryan, Sara & Ziebland, Sue, 2016. "‘I knew before I was told’: Breaches, cues and clues in the diagnostic assemblage," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 85-92.
    3. Trundle, Catherine, 2011. "Biopolitical endpoints: Diagnosing a deserving British nuclear test veteran," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(6), pages 882-888, September.
    4. Phillips, Tarryn, 2012. "Repressive authenticity in the quest for legitimacy: Surveillance and the contested illness lawsuit," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(10), pages 1762-1768.
    5. Schaepe, Karen Sue, 2011. "Bad news and first impressions: Patient and family caregiver accounts of learning the cancer diagnosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(6), pages 912-921, September.
    6. Brian Walitt & Richard L Nahin & Robert S Katz & Martin J Bergman & Frederick Wolfe, 2015. "The Prevalence and Characteristics of Fibromyalgia in the 2012 National Health Interview Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-16, September.
    7. Kuchinskaya, Olga & Parker, Lisa S., 2018. "‘Recurrent losers unite’: Online forums, evidence-based activism, and pregnancy loss," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 74-80.
    8. Mario Samper-Pardo & Sandra León-Herrera & Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez & Belén Benedé-Azagra & Rosa Magallón-Botaya & Isabel Gómez-Soria & Estela Calatayud & Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre & Fátima Méndez-Lópe, 2022. "Development and Validation of a Mobile Application as an Adjuvant Treatment for People Diagnosed with Long COVID-19: Protocol for a Co-Creation Study of a Health Asset and an Analysis of Its Effective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-21, December.
    9. Jutel, Annemarie, 2010. "Framing disease: The example of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(7), pages 1084-1090, April.
    10. Rotolo, Thomas & Lengefeld, Michael, 2020. "Clearing the cobwebs: An analysis of the timing of youth concussion legislation in U.S. states," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    11. Russell, Ginny & Kelly, Susan E. & Ford, Tamsin & Steer, Colin, 2012. "Diagnosis as a social determinant: The development of prosocial behaviour before and after an autism spectrum diagnosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(9), pages 1642-1649.
    12. Foster, Drew, 2016. "‘Keep complaining til someone listens’: Exchanges of tacit healthcare knowledge in online illness communities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 25-32.
    13. ten Kate, Josje & de Koster, Willem & van der Waal, Jeroen, 2022. "Becoming skeptical towards vaccines: How health views shape the trajectories following health-related events," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    14. Jutel, Annemarie & Banister, Elizabeth, 2013. "“I was pretty sure I had the 'flu”: Qualitative description of confirmed-influenza symptoms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 49-55.
    15. Mezza, Maurizia & Blume, Stuart, 2021. "Turning suffering into side effects: Responses to HPV vaccination in Colombia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    16. Vololona Rabeharisoa & Michel Callon & Angela Marques Filipe & João Arriscado Nunes & Florence Paterson & Frédéric Vergnaud, 2012. "The dynamics of causes and conditions: the rareness of diseases in French and Portuguese patients' organizations' engagement in research," CSI Working Papers Series 026, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI), Mines ParisTech.
    17. Madeleine Akrich, 2010. "From Communities of Practice to Epistemic Communities: Health Mobilizations on the Internet," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 15(2), pages 116-132, May.
    18. Claire Edwards & Etaoine Howlett & Madeleine Akrich & Vololona Rabeharisoa, 2012. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in France and Ireland: parents' groups' scientific and political framing of an unsettled condition," CSI Working Papers Series 024, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI), Mines ParisTech.
    19. Cohn, Simon & Dyson, Clare & Wessely, S., 2008. "Early accounts of Gulf War illness and the construction of narratives in UK service personnel," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(11), pages 1641-1649, December.
    20. Vololona Rabeharisoa & Orla O'Donovan, 2013. "‘Europe of patients, Europe for patients’: the Europeanization of healthcare policies by European patients’ organizations," CSI Working Papers Series 030, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI), Mines ParisTech.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:268:y:2021:i:c:s0277953620306456. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/315/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.