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The impending globalization of ADHD: Notes on the expansion and growth of a medicalized disorder

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  • Conrad, Peter
  • Bergey, Meredith R.

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been medicalized in the United States since the 1960s. Primarily used in North America until the 1990s, ADHD diagnosis and treatment have increasingly been applied internationally. After documenting the expansion of ADHD in a global context, this paper presents five brief international examples examining ADHD usage and expansion: the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Brazil. We then identify and describe several vehicles that facilitate the migration of the ADHD diagnosis: the transnational pharmaceutical industry; the influence of western psychiatry; moving from ICD to DSM diagnostic criteria; the role of the Internet including the related advent of easily accessible online screening checklists; and advocacy groups. Finally, we discuss what this globalization of a diagnosis reflects about the potential global medicalization of other conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Conrad, Peter & Bergey, Meredith R., 2014. "The impending globalization of ADHD: Notes on the expansion and growth of a medicalized disorder," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 31-43.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:122:y:2014:i:c:p:31-43
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ming Li & Dipjyoti Majumdar, 2010. "A Psychologically Based Model of Voter Turnout," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 12(5), pages 979-1002, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Samir Al-Adawi & Aishwarya Ganesh & Lara Al-Harthi & Muna Al-Saadoon & Nasser Sibani & Ajitha Eswaramangalam, 2023. "Epidemiological and Psychosocial Correlates of Cognitive, Emotional, and Social Deficits among Children and Adolescents in Oman: A Literature Review," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 16(2), pages 689-716, April.
    2. Pawson, Mark & Kelly, Brian C., 2022. "Balancing consumption and constraint: Binge drinking, stimulant misuse, and relational capital among young adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    3. Chiri, Giuseppina & Bergey, Meredith & Mackie, Thomas I., 2022. "Deserving but not entitled: The social construction of autism spectrum disorder in federal policy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    4. Bröer, Christian & Agyekum, Humphrey Asamoah, 2021. "Medicalization and manhood: Is an ADHD diagnosis emerging for allegedly troublesome boys in Accra, Ghana?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    5. Ekaterina A. Orel & Alena A. Kulikova, 2016. "Children with Behavioral Problems in the First Grade of Russian School: Similarities and Differences," HSE Working papers WP BRP 66/PSY/2016, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    6. Slagboom, M. Nienke & Bröer, Christian & Berg, Jonathan, 2021. "Negotiating ADHD: Pragmatic medicalization and creolization in urban India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    7. Béhague, Dominique P., 2015. "Taking pills for developmental ails in Southern Brazil: The biologization of adolescence?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 320-328.
    8. Aronson, Brian, 2016. "Peer influence as a potential magnifier of ADHD diagnosis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 111-119.

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