Energy management in microgrids using transactive energy control concept under high penetration of Renewables; A survey and case study

Transactive Energy Control (TEC) paradigm enables involving Microgrids (MGs) in the energy management procedure to realize the transition of energy systems using market-based mechanisms. This paper, in this regard, proposes a review including state-of-the-art energy management using the TEC concept in MGs, highlighting the types of interactions among prosumers and MG operators, uncertainty models, and Energy Management System (EMS) designs. The proposed review illustrates that the distributed style of interactions with prosumer-centric uncertainty management has scarcely been investigated, while it is more beneficial in terms of financial, computational, and communication aspects. Hence, to pave the path for future research, a distributed TEC is proposed based on the consensus Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), wherein prosumers can solve their prosumption problem using a novel EMS and the MG operator acts as a coordinator to oversee system constraints. The EMS relies on a two-stage stochastic model, whereby prosumers can personally manage the associated risk using conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The implementation results indicate that the accuracy, runtime, and communication burden are improved using the proposed distributed TEC by 32.76%, 15.68%, and 1094.6% compared to the decentralized TEC. Moreover, prosumers can save a further 5.75% on their bills using prosumer-centric uncertainty management. Consequently, the proposed review illuminates the research direction, while the proposed distributed TEC with the prosumer-centric uncertainty management elaborates on the identified gaps to accelerate the pace of improvement in this area.