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Co-optimizing transmission and active distribution grids to assess demand-side flexibilities of a carbon-neutral German energy system

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  • Reveron Baecker, Beneharo
  • Candas, Soner

Abstract

In modern power system planning and operation, the relevance of distributed power generation units and demand-side flexibility options grows. As a consequence, smart planning and operation routines become necessary also in the distribution grid. We therefore develop a co-optimization framework to consider transmission and distribution system constraints and their interactions together. This enables bidirectional flows between both systems, supporting a consistent and cost-efficient overall energy system. The key feature of this paper is an automated coupling of two independently and modularly defined systems. It allows a bottom-up modelling approach of energy demands, conversion and storage technologies from both system levels. However, this approach increases the model size significantly. Thus, timeseries aggregation methods are applied to reduce the computational complexity. The results for the optimal planning of the coupled German energy system show that the electrification of heat and mobility sectors in the distribution grid is not only beneficial to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050, but also to particularly make use of additional flexibility potentials. Our results underline a significant positive correlation between a smart operation of heat pumps and charging stations with the maximum integrable capacities of low-cost rooftop photovoltaics in the distribution system.

Suggested Citation

  • Reveron Baecker, Beneharo & Candas, Soner, 2022. "Co-optimizing transmission and active distribution grids to assess demand-side flexibilities of a carbon-neutral German energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:163:y:2022:i:c:s136403212200329x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112422
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    Cited by:

    1. Ma, Y. & Li, Y.P. & Huang, G.H., 2023. "Planning China’s non-deterministic energy system (2021–2060) to achieve carbon neutrality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    2. Candas, Soner & Reveron Baecker, Beneharo & Mohapatra, Anurag & Hamacher, Thomas, 2023. "Optimization-based framework for low-voltage grid reinforcement assessment under various levels of flexibility and coordination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    3. Nielsen, Steffen & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Sperling, Karl, 2023. "Renewable energy transition, transmission system impacts and regional development – a mismatch between national planning and local development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

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