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Multi-injection rate thermal response test in groundwater filled borehole heat exchanger

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  • Gustafsson, A.-M.
  • Westerlund, L.

Abstract

During a thermal response test (TRT) or during operation of a borehole heat exchanger (BHE) system, a temperature gradient in and around the borehole is achieved. This causes convective flow in the groundwater due to density differences. In groundwater filled BHE the convective heat flow influences the heat transport in the borehole system. The size of the influence depends on the injection rate used, which changes during the year for normal BHE systems. Multi-injection rate TRT (MIR TRT) may be used as a method to detect the convective heat influence and to examine the effect on the BHE thermal transport parameters. It was shown that MIR TRT constitutes a valuable method to detect fractured bedrock and to examine the effect of different heat injection rates. For boreholes located in solid bedrock only the borehole thermal resistance was influenced by the convective flow. An increase in heat injection rate resulted in a decrease in resistance. It was shown that the length of the collector did not affect the result. For the fractured bedrock the effective bedrock conductivity was also affected, an increase in heat injection rate resulted in a higher effective bedrock thermal conductivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustafsson, A.-M. & Westerlund, L., 2010. "Multi-injection rate thermal response test in groundwater filled borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1061-1070.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:5:p:1061-1070
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.09.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gehlin, S.E.A. & Hellström, G., 2003. "Influence on thermal response test by groundwater flow in vertical fractures in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(14), pages 2221-2238.
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    Cited by:

    1. Raymond, Jasmin & Lamarche, Louis & Malo, Michel, 2015. "Field demonstration of a first thermal response test with a low power source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 30-39.
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    3. Jin Luo & Yuhao Zhang & Jiasheng Tuo & Wei Xue & Joachim Rohn & Sebastian Baumgärtel, 2020. "A Novel Approach to the Analysis of Thermal Response Test (TRT) with Interrupted Power Input," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Deng, Zhenpeng & Nian, Yongle & Cheng, Wen-long, 2023. "Estimation method of layered ground thermal conductivity for U-tube BHE based on the quasi-3D model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 121-133.
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    6. Lim, Myungkwan & Lee, Changhee, 2021. "An experimental study on thermal performance evaluation and effectiveness of geothermal heat exchange system in various standing column well types," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1049-1064.
    7. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Gehlin, Signhild E.A., 2015. "Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—An historical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1125-1137.
    8. Aneta Sapińska-Śliwa & Tomasz Sliwa & Kazimierz Twardowski & Krzysztof Szymski & Andrzej Gonet & Paweł Żuk, 2020. "Method of Averaging the Effective Thermal Conductivity Based on Thermal Response Tests of Borehole Heat Exchangers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-20, July.
    9. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Javed, Saqib & Ramstad, Randi Kalskin, 2016. "Natural convection in groundwater-filled boreholes used as ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 352-365.
    10. Gustafsson, A.-M. & Westerlund, L., 2011. "Heat extraction thermal response test in groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger – Investigation of the borehole thermal resistance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2388-2394.
    11. Jia, Jie & Lee, W.L. & Cheng, Yuanda, 2019. "Field demonstration of a first constant-temperature thermal response test with both heat injection and extraction for ground source heat pump systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 79-86.
    12. Chang, Keun Sun & Kim, Min Jun, 2016. "Thermal performance evaluation of vertical U-loop ground heat exchanger using in-situ thermal response test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 585-591.
    13. Wagner, Valentin & Bayer, Peter & Kübert, Markus & Blum, Philipp, 2012. "Numerical sensitivity study of thermal response tests," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 245-253.
    14. Zhang, Changxing & Guo, Zhanjun & Liu, Yufeng & Cong, Xiaochun & Peng, Donggen, 2014. "A review on thermal response test of ground-coupled heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 851-867.
    15. Luo, Jin & Shao, Yanting & Yan, Zezhou & Han, Xuesong & Guo, Qinghai, 2025. "Thermal performance enhancement of borehole heat exchangers by thermally induced groundwater convection in aquifers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    16. Wu, Xuan & Wang, Zhengwen & Jin, Guang & Yang, Xue & Zhang, Zhiqiang & Bi, Wenming, 2016. "Development and experimental study on testing platform for rock-soil thermal response tester," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 765-771.
    17. Myungkwan Lim & Kyoungbin Lim & Changhee Lee, 2020. "A Study on Improving the Coefficient of Performance by Comparing Balancing Well and Standing Column Well Heat Exchange Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-28, December.
    18. Choi, Wonjun & Ooka, Ryozo, 2016. "Effect of natural convection on thermal response test conducted in saturated porous formation: Comparison of gravel-backfilled and cement-grouted borehole heat exchangers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 891-903.
    19. Hakala, Petri & Vallin, Sami & Arola, Teppo & Martinkauppi, Ilkka, 2022. "Novel use of the enhanced thermal response test in crystalline bedrock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 467-482.
    20. Yongjie Ma & Yanjun Zhang & Yuxiang Cheng & Yu Zhang & Xuefeng Gao & Hao Deng & Xin Zhang, 2022. "Influence of Different Heat Loads and Durations on the Field Thermal Response Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    21. Zhang, Changxing & Song, Wei & Sun, Shicai & Peng, Donggen, 2015. "Parameter estimation of in-situ thermal response test with unstable heat rate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 497-505.
    22. Zhao, Zilong & Lin, Yu-Feng & Stumpf, Andrew & Wang, Xinlei, 2022. "Assessing impacts of groundwater on geothermal heat exchangers: A review of methodology and modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 121-147.
    23. Pasquier, Philippe, 2018. "Interpretation of the first hours of a thermal response test using the time derivative of the temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 56-75.
    24. Adel Eswiasi & Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, 2020. "Critical Review on Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers in Heat Pump Systems," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-21, June.
    25. Liebel, Heiko T. & Javed, Saqib & Vistnes, Gunnar, 2012. "Multi-injection rate thermal response test with forced convection in a groundwater-filled borehole in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 263-268.

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