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Optimization of heterostructures in biomass-derived hard carbons for efficient and stable sodium-ion storage

Author

Listed:
  • Ni, Rui
  • Fan, Zhitian
  • Tian, Yumei
  • Li, Kechang
  • Wang, Rui
  • Li, Yiduo
  • Lu, Haiyan

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries are increasingly considered a feasible alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance of sodium resources and their compatibility with established battery technologies. Among options, hard carbon has demonstrated notable potential as an anode material. However, the intricate and disordered nature of hard carbon presents challenges in achieving precursor consistency and understanding the relationships between structure and properties during battery operation. In this study, lignin was utilized as the precursor material, leveraging its inherent aromatic structure to synthesize hard carbon anode materials through a phenolic condensation reaction. This work achieves a controllable transformation of complex precursor structures through molecular-level structural optimization and analysis of thermodynamic evolution processes, effectively enhancing the electrochemical performance of hard carbon materials. The resulting materials exhibit an impressive reversible specific capacity (336 mAh·g−1, ICE 84.6 %) and excellent rate performance (268.8 mAh·g−1 at 2 C), significantly improving the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Ni, Rui & Fan, Zhitian & Tian, Yumei & Li, Kechang & Wang, Rui & Li, Yiduo & Lu, Haiyan, 2026. "Optimization of heterostructures in biomass-derived hard carbons for efficient and stable sodium-ion storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PD).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:256:y:2026:i:pd:s0960148125017616
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124097
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zheng Tang & Rui Zhang & Haiyan Wang & Siyu Zhou & Zhiyi Pan & Yuancheng Huang & Dan Sun & Yougen Tang & Xiaobo Ji & Khalil Amine & Minhua Shao, 2023. "Revealing the closed pore formation of waste wood-derived hard carbon for advanced sodium-ion battery," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Wu, Xi-Shuo & Dong, Xiao-Ling & Wang, Bo-Yang & Xia, Ji-Li & Li, Wen-Cui, 2022. "Revealing the sodium storage behavior of biomass-derived hard carbon by using pure lignin and cellulose as model precursors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 630-638.
    3. Rajesh Sharma & Muhammad Shahbaz & Pradeep Kautish & Xuan Vinh Vo, 2023. "Diversified imports as catalysts for ecological footprint: examining the BRICS experience," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 3153-3181, April.
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