IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v241y2025ics0960148125000497.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched CNG in a dual fuel diesel engine: An experimental and numerical research

Author

Listed:
  • Saaidia, Rafaa
  • Hamdi, Fathi
  • Krotli, Mideni
  • Bouabidi, Abdallah
  • Cuce, Erdem
  • Koten, Hasan
  • Miraoui, Imed

Abstract

Diesel engines are widely utilised thanks to their high thermal efficiency and low emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). However, they produce significant nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) in operation, necessitating alternative strategies like dual-fuel combustion with natural gas (NG) and hydrogen enrichment to improve performance and reduce emissions. While previous research has primarily focused on performance and emission characteristics, limited attention has been given to combustion behaviour and its direct relationship with engine performance. This study aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine operating in dual-fuel mode with hydrogen-enriched CNG. It uniquely explores the relationship between hydrogen addition and engine performance, which has not been thoroughly addressed in existing literature. Experiments were conducted with hydrogen fractions of 20 and 30 % by volume in CNG. Combustion characteristics, such as in-cylinder peak pressure and the Coefficient of Variation of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (COVIMEP), were analysed, alongside energy conversion efficiency with respect to different engine speeds and loads. The results showed significant improvements in combustion, particularly during the premixed phase. In-cylinder peak pressure increased, reaching 4.1 bar at 20 % load. Combustion stability was enhanced, with COVIMEP remaining below 10 % across all hydrogen test blends. Performance improvements included a maximum thermal efficiency of 10.2 % and a minimum fuel consumption of 236 g/kWh, comparable to diesel operation. The findings highlight the promising potential of hydrogen-enriched CNG as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional diesel engines. This study provides new insights into the combustion behaviour of dual-fuel engines and underlines the role of hydrogen enrichment in enhancing both combustion stability and engine performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Saaidia, Rafaa & Hamdi, Fathi & Krotli, Mideni & Bouabidi, Abdallah & Cuce, Erdem & Koten, Hasan & Miraoui, Imed, 2025. "Performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen enriched CNG in a dual fuel diesel engine: An experimental and numerical research," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:241:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125000497
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122387
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125000497
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122387?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cesar de Lima Nogueira, Silvio & Och, Stephan Hennings & Moura, Luis Mauro & Domingues, Eric & Coelho, Leandro dos Santos & Mariani, Viviana Cocco, 2023. "Prediction of the NOx and CO2 emissions from an experimental dual fuel engine using optimized random forest combined with feature engineering," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. Hossain, Abul Kalam & Sharma, Vikas & Serrano, Clara & Krishnasamy, Anand & Ganesh, Duraisamy, 2024. "Production of biofuel from AD digestate waste and their combustion characteristics in a low-speed diesel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    3. Imran, S. & Korakianitis, T. & Shaukat, R. & Farooq, M. & Condoor, S. & Jayaram, S., 2018. "Experimentally tested performance and emissions advantages of using natural-gas and hydrogen fuel mixture with diesel and rapeseed methyl ester as pilot fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 1260-1268.
    4. Poompipatpong, Chedthawut & Cheenkachorn, Kraipat, 2011. "A modified diesel engine for natural gas operation: Performance and emission tests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6862-6866.
    5. Cocco Mariani, Viviana & Hennings Och, Stephan & dos Santos Coelho, Leandro & Domingues, Eric, 2019. "Pressure prediction of a spark ignition single cylinder engine using optimized extreme learning machine models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 204-221.
    6. Sahoo, B.B. & Sahoo, N. & Saha, U.K., 2009. "Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines--A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1151-1184, August.
    7. Zhou, Xinyi & Li, Tie & Wang, Ning & Wang, Xinran & Chen, Run & Li, Shiyan, 2023. "Pilot diesel-ignited ammonia dual fuel low-speed marine engines: A comparative analysis of ammonia premixed and high-pressure spray combustion modes with CFD simulation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    8. Ma, Yu & Zhu, Mingming & Zhang, Dongke, 2014. "Effect of a homogeneous combustion catalyst on the characteristics of diesel soot emitted from a compression ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 751-757.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Benbellil, Messaoud Abdelalli & Lounici, Mohand Said & Loubar, Khaled & Tazerout, Mohand, 2022. "Investigation of natural gas enrichment with high hydrogen participation in dual fuel diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    2. Bodisco, Timothy & Brown, Richard J., 2013. "Inter-cycle variability of in-cylinder pressure parameters in an ethanol fumigated common rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 55-65.
    3. He-Ming Dong & Qian Du & Dun Li & Zhao-Yang Cui & Jian-Min Gao & Shao-Hua Wu, 2019. "Impacts of Organic Structures and Inherent Minerals of Coal on Soot Formation during Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-16, November.
    4. Su-qi Zhang & Kuo-Ping Lin, 2020. "Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on Data-Driven Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-17, January.
    5. Li, Weifeng & Liu, Zhongchang & Wang, Zhongshu, 2016. "Experimental and theoretical analysis of the combustion process at low loads of a diesel natural gas dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 728-741.
    6. Elbanna, Ahmed Mohammed & Cheng, Xiaobei, 2024. "The role of charge reactivity in ammonia/diesel dual fuel combustion in compression ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    7. Talibi, Midhat & Hellier, Paul & Ladommatos, Nicos, 2017. "Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics, and in-cylinder gas composition, of hydrogen enriched biogas mixtures in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 397-412.
    8. Sahoo, Bibhuti B. & Saha, Ujjwal K. & Sahoo, Niranjan, 2011. "Theoretical performance limits of a syngas–diesel fueled compression ignition engine from second law analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 760-769.
    9. Muhssen, Hassan Sadah & Masuri, Siti Ujila & Sahari, Barkawi Bin & Hairuddin, Abdul Aziz, 2021. "Design improvement of compressed natural gas (CNG)-Air mixer for diesel dual-fuel engines using computational fluid dynamics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    10. Yaliwal, V.S. & Banapurmath, N.R. & Gireesh, N.M. & Tewari, P.G., 2014. "Production and utilization of renewable and sustainable gaseous fuel for power generation applications: A review of literature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 608-627.
    11. Venu, Harish & Raju, V. Dhana & Subramani, Lingesan & Appavu, Prabhu, 2020. "Experimental assessment on the regulated and unregulated emissions of DI diesel engine fuelled with Chlorella emersonii methyl ester (CEME)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 88-102.
    12. Zhang, Zhi-Hui & Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar, 2015. "Influence of an iron-based fuel-borne catalyst on physicochemical and toxicological characteristics of particulate emissions from a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 270-278.
    13. Krzysztof Biernat & Izabela Samson-Bręk & Zdzisław Chłopek & Marlena Owczuk & Anna Matuszewska, 2021. "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Using Methane Fuels to Supply Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
    14. Luqman Razzaq & Shahid Imran & Zahid Anwar & Muhammad Farooq & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Haris Mehmood Khan & Tahir Asif & Muhammad Amjad & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Nabeel Shaukat & I. M. Rizwanul , 2020. "Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-16, November.
    15. Yaliwal, V.S. & Banapurmath, N.R. & Gireesh, N.M. & Hosmath, R.S. & Donateo, Teresa & Tewari, P.G., 2016. "Effect of nozzle and combustion chamber geometry on the performance of a diesel engine operated on dual fuel mode using renewable fuels," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 483-501.
    16. Ahmad, Zeeshan & Kaario, Ossi & Qiang, Cheng & Vuorinen, Ville & Larmi, Martti, 2019. "A parametric investigation of diesel/methane dual-fuel combustion progression/stages in a heavy-duty optical engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Hotta, Santosh Kumar & Sahoo, Niranjan & Mohanty, Kaustubha, 2019. "Comparative assessment of a spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline and raw biogas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1307-1319.
    18. Lacour, S. & Chinese, T. & Alkadee, D. & Perilhon, C. & Descombes, G., 2012. "Energy and environmental balance of biogas for dual-fuel mobile applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 1745-1753.
    19. Yapicioglu, Arda & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2019. "A review on clean ammonia as a potential fuel for power generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 96-108.
    20. Hotta, Santosh Kumar & Sahoo, Niranjan & Mohanty, Kaustubha & Kulkarni, Vinayak, 2020. "Ignition timing and compression ratio as effective means for the improvement in the operating characteristics of a biogas fueled spark ignition engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 854-867.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:241:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125000497. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.