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Performance and optimal design parameters of tunnel lining CHEs under typical design conditions

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  • Ji, Yongming
  • Ji, Chengfan
  • Shen, Shouheng
  • Zhang, Jun
  • Hu, Songtao

Abstract

The subway source heat pump system (SSHPS) incorporating a tunnel lining capillary heat exchanger (CHE) is an efficient technology for mitigating thermal degradation in subway tunnels while fully harnessing geothermal energy for heating and cooling purposes. Although extensive research has been conducted on the performance of tunnel lining heat exchangers, a practical engineering design method is still lacking. The objective of this study is to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of tunnel lining CHEs under typical design conditions and subsequently determine the optimal design conditions based on the analysis results. A numerical model of tunnel lining CHEs was developed using ANSYS, based on a demonstration project of SSHPS in Qingdao. Subsequently, the heat transfer performance of CHEs under various design parameters was simulated and analyzed. Finally, a statistical analysis was conducted to examine the impact of different factors on the heat transfer performance of CHEs. The analysis results indicate that the tunnel air temperature has the most significant influence, followed by the CHE inlet temperature parameter and the length of CHE laying pipe. The impact of the CHE inlet flow velocity is minimal. It is recommended that, during the design stage of a CHE heat exchanger, priority should be given to controlling the tunnel air temperature, optimizing the CHE inlet temperature and pipe length, and setting a minimum possible CHE inlet flow velocity. The optimal combination of design parameters for the tunnel lining CHEs were determined as follows: under the cooling mode, a tunnel air temperature of 23 °C, a CHE design inlet temperature of 39 °C, a laying pipe length of 6 m, and an inlet flow velocity of 0.08 m/s; under the heating mode, a tunnel air temperature of 20 °C, a design inlet temperature of 4 °C, a laying pipe length of 6 m, and an identical flow velocity of 0.08 m/s. This study can serve as a valuable reference for tunnel lining CHE design in practical engineering.

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  • Ji, Yongming & Ji, Chengfan & Shen, Shouheng & Zhang, Jun & Hu, Songtao, 2025. "Performance and optimal design parameters of tunnel lining CHEs under typical design conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:238:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124020305
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121962
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ji, Yongming & Wu, Wenze & Qi, Haoyu & Wang, Wenqiang & Hu, Songtao, 2022. "Heat transfer performance analysis of front-end capillary heat exchanger of a subway source heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    2. Tong, Li & Liu, Nan & Hu, Songtao & Ji, Yongming & Lu, Shan & Liu, Guodan & Tong, Zhen, 2021. "Study on key design parameters of subway source heat pump system with capillary exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 183-193.
    3. Ji, Yongming & Wu, Wenze & Hu, Songtao, 2023. "Long-term performance of a front-end capillary heat exchanger for a metro source heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    4. Lee, Chulho & Park, Sangwoo & Won, Jongmuk & Jeoung, Jaehyeung & Sohn, Byonghu & Choi, Hangseok, 2012. "Evaluation of thermal performance of energy textile installed in Tunnel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 11-22.
    5. Li, Chenglin & Zhang, Guozhu & Xiao, Suguang & Xie, Yongli & Liu, Xiaohua & Cao, Shiding, 2022. "Long-term operation of tunnel-lining ground heat exchangers in tropical zones: Energy, environmental, and economic performance evaluation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 1429-1442.
    6. Li, Chenglin & Zhang, Guozhu & Xiao, Suguang & Shi, Yehui & Xu, Chenghua & Sun, Yinjuan, 2023. "Numerical investigation on thermal performance enhancement mechanism of tunnel lining GHEs using two-phase closed thermosyphons for building cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 875-886.
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    1. Fawad Ahmed & Nicola Massarotti & Alessandro Mauro & Gennaro Normino, 2025. "Ground Heat Exchangers from Artificial Ground-Freezing Probes for Tunnel Excavations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-27, June.

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