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Conversion of lignin to high yields of aromatics over Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 bifunctional catalysts

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  • Chen, Shanshuai
  • Yan, Puxiang
  • Yu, Xiaona
  • Zhu, Wanbin
  • Wang, Hongliang

Abstract

The development of a highly active and robust catalyst for the conversion of lignin, the largest volume of renewable aromatic resource in nature, to value-added aromatics is of great importance in sustainable chemistry. However, the condensation of lignin depolymerization intermediates into recalcitrant macromolecules restricts high yields of desired products, and this remains a great challenge in lignin valorization. Here, a serious of bifunctional Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized for lignin conversion to aromatics. Roles of Ru and ZnO in these catalysts for lignin conversion were in-depth analyzed. The effect of the ratio of Ru to ZnO was studied. Other reaction conditions including temperature and time were systematically optimized. More than 51.3% yields of aromatics were obtained over Ru–10ZnO/SBA-15 at 240 °C for 4 h. Structure-activity relationship research of the catalyst revealed that the high yield of product could be attributed to the following three reasons: 1) the Lewis acidic sites on Ru/SBA-15 are significantly improved after ZnO modification, and thus promotes the C–O bond cleavage; 2) the oxophilic ZnO is beneficial to absorb the substrate and reaction intermediates, and therefore enhances the hydrodeoxygenation activity of the adjacent Ru; 3). The interaction between Zn and Ru in Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 changes Ru electronic properties and leads to the formation of highly active catalytic sites with high electron density. These results indicated that the bifunctional Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 catalyst with high catalytic activity could be a good choice for lignin conversion to high-yield aromatics.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Shanshuai & Yan, Puxiang & Yu, Xiaona & Zhu, Wanbin & Wang, Hongliang, 2023. "Conversion of lignin to high yields of aromatics over Ru–ZnO/SBA-15 bifunctional catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:215:y:2023:i:c:s096014812300825x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.118919
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Xuebing & Wen, Jialong & Chen, Hongmei & Liu, Dehua, 2018. "The fate of lignin during atmospheric acetic acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and the impacts on cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability for bioethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 200-209.
    2. Kong, Xiangchen & Liu, Chao & Wang, Xing & Fan, Yuyang & Xu, Weicong & Xiao, Rui, 2022. "Production of oxygen-containing fuels via supercritical methanol hydrodeoxygenation of lignin bio-oil over Cu/CuZnAlOx catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    3. Shuizhong Wang & Kaili Zhang & Helong Li & Ling-Ping Xiao & Guoyong Song, 2021. "Selective hydrogenolysis of catechyl lignin into propenylcatechol over an atomically dispersed ruthenium catalyst," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Hu, Ningmeng & Ning, Ping & He, Liang & Guan, Qingqing & Shi, Yuzhen & Miao, Rongrong, 2021. "Near-room temperature transesterification over bifunctional CunO-Bs/SBA-15 catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1-11.
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