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Catalytic pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of waste fishing nets over ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for caprolactam recovery

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  • Eimontas, Justas
  • Yousef, Samy
  • Striūgas, Nerijus
  • Abdelnaby, Mohammed Ali

Abstract

Caprolactam is the main compound of nylon 6 waste fishing nets (WFNs) and its recovery conserves natural resources, maximizes WFNs economic performance, and closes the circular economy loop of the fishing net industry. Within the framework and as a part of the Healthy Seas’ initiative to clean the oceans from waste fishing nets (WFNs), and to valorise it, this research aims to study the catalytic pyrolysis behaviour of the WFNs extracted from oceans in order to study their potential applications in the energy conversion field. The catalytic pyrolysis experiments of WFNs over ZSM-5 Zeolite catalyst (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 wt%) were conducted using thermogravimetry (TG) coupled with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at different heating rates (5–30 °C/min). Also, the kinetics of ZSM-5/WFNs catalytic pyrolysis was studied by model-free methods (KAS, FWO, and Friedman). In addition, the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and the independent parallel reaction kinetic model (IPR) combined with the optimization algorithm were used to fit the TGA-DTG experimental data and to calculate the parameters that can achieve the minimum deviation. The TGA results showed that the main decomposition zone was located in the range 342–476 °C with a total weight loss 83-75 wt% (based on the amount of catalyst). Meanwhile, FTIR and GC-MS results manifested that alkyl C–H stretch functional group, carbonyl functional group (CO), and caprolactam (83.15%; at 20 wt% of ZSM-5) are the main groups and volatile compounds in the decomposed WFNs samples. The model-free kinetics analysis showed that all activation energies were estimated at 112 kJ/mol (WFNs) and 158, 230, 197, 201, and 220 kJ/mol for ZSM-5/WFNs samples (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 wt%). At the same time, DAEM and IPR models proved a high prediction to fit TG curves at all heating rates. Based on these results, catalytic pyrolysis using 20 wt% of ZSM-5 can be used as a promising technology for extracting caprolactam from WFNs with high yield (83%). The recovered caprolactam can be used in the production of nylon fibres, nylon thin films, carpets, textiles, resins, etc.

Suggested Citation

  • Eimontas, Justas & Yousef, Samy & Striūgas, Nerijus & Abdelnaby, Mohammed Ali, 2021. "Catalytic pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of waste fishing nets over ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for caprolactam recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1385-1403.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:179:y:2021:i:c:p:1385-1403
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.143
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yousef, Samy & Eimontas, Justas & Striūgas, Nerijus & Abdelnaby, Mohammed Ali, 2021. "Pyrolysis and gasification kinetic behavior of mango seed shells using TG-FTIR-GC–MS system under N2 and CO2 atmospheres," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 733-749.
    2. Wang, Bo & Xu, Fanfan & Zong, Peijie & Zhang, Jinhong & Tian, Yuanyu & Qiao, Yingyun, 2019. "Effects of heating rate on fast pyrolysis behavior and product distribution of Jerusalem artichoke stalk by using TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 486-496.
    3. Yousef, Samy & Eimontas, Justas & Striūgas, Nerijus & Abdelnaby, Mohammed Ali, 2021. "Influence of carbon black filler on pyrolysis kinetic behaviour and TG-FTIR-GC–MS analysis of glass fibre reinforced polymer composites," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    4. Choi, Dongho & Jung, Sungyup & Lee, Sang Soo & Lin, Kun-Yi Andrew & Park, Young-Kwon & Kim, Hana & Tsang, Yiu Fai & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2021. "Leveraging carbon dioxide to control the H2/CO ratio in catalytic pyrolysis of fishing net waste," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
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    1. Yousef, Samy & Eimontas, Justas & Striūgas, Nerijus & Abdelnaby, Mohammed Ali, 2022. "Gasification kinetics of char derived from metallised food packaging plastics waste pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    2. Chen, Minzi & Zhang, Shuping & Su, Yinhai & Niu, Xin & Zhu, Shuguang & Liu, Xinzhi, 2022. "Catalytic co-pyrolysis of food waste digestate and corn husk with CaO catalyst for upgrading bio-oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 105-114.
    3. Justas Eimontas & Adolfas Jančauskas & Kęstutis Zakarauskas & Nerijus Striūgas & Lina Vorotinskienė, 2023. "Investigation of Optimal Temperature for Thermal Catalytic Conversion of Marine Biomass for Recovery of Higher-Added-Value Energy Products," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.

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