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Rainwater harvesting in petrol stations in Brasília: Potential for potable water savings and investment feasibility analysis

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  • Ghisi, Enedir
  • Tavares, Davi da Fonseca
  • Rocha, Vinicius Luis

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting is an important way of optimizing the usage of water resources and promoting sustainable development. The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater for washing vehicles in petrol stations located in Brasília, Brazil. An investment feasibility analysis was also performed. The study was carried out by using Neptune, a computer programme for rainwater harvesting analysis. Rainfall data from two meteorological stations were considered, as well as different rainwater collecting areas, tank capacities, number of washings, and potable and rainwater demands. As for the rainwater demands, they were considered as a percentage of the potable water demand, varying according to the day of the week. The tank capacities were varied at increments of 1000L. The investment feasibility analysis was performed for three different cases, taking into account the potential for potable water savings. It was observed that the average potential for potable water savings by using rainwater is 32.7%, but it can vary from 9.2% to 57.2%. The main conclusion obtained from this work is that using rainwater for washing vehicles in petrol stations in Brasília is a feasible investment for most cases as the net present value is positive for an interest rate of 1% per month.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghisi, Enedir & Tavares, Davi da Fonseca & Rocha, Vinicius Luis, 2009. "Rainwater harvesting in petrol stations in Brasília: Potential for potable water savings and investment feasibility analysis," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 79-85.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:54:y:2009:i:2:p:79-85
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.06.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Panigrahi, Balram & Panda, Sudhindra N & Mal, Bimal Chandra, 2007. "Rainwater conservation and recycling by optimal size on-farm reservoir," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 459-474.
    2. Wung, Tsai-Chung & Lin, Shih-Hsin & Huang, Shyh-Meng, 2006. "Rainwater reuse supply and demand response in urban elementary school of different districts in Taipei," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 149-167.
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    1. Rahman, Ataur & Keane, Joseph & Imteaz, Monzur Alam, 2012. "Rainwater harvesting in Greater Sydney: Water savings, reliability and economic benefits," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 16-21.
    2. Moreira Neto, Ronan Fernandes & Calijuri, Maria Lúcia & Carvalho, Isabella de Castro & Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca, 2012. "Rainwater treatment in airports using slow sand filtration followed by chlorination: Efficiency and costs," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 124-129.
    3. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Paudel, Upendra & Ahsan, Amimul & Santos, Cristina, 2015. "Climatic and spatial variability of potential rainwater savings for a large coastal city," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 143-147.
    4. Stec, Agnieszka & Kordana, Sabina, 2015. "Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 84-94.
    5. Silva Vieira, A. & Weeber, M. & Ghisi, E., 2013. "Self-cleaning filtration: A novel concept for rainwater harvesting systems," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 67-73.
    6. Abedin Mohammad-Hosseinpour & José-Luis Molina, 2022. "Improving the Sustainability of Urban Water Management through Innovative Groundwater Recharge System (GRS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    7. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Shanableh, Abdallah, 2013. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks using daily water balance model: Variations within a large city," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 37-43.
    8. Zaneti, Rafael & Etchepare, Ramiro & Rubio, Jorge, 2011. "Car wash wastewater reclamation. Full-scale application and upcoming features," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 953-959.
    9. Rostad, Nathan & Foti, Romano & Montalto, Franco A., 2016. "Harvesting rooftop runoff to flush toilets: Drawing conclusions from four major U.S. cities," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 97-106.
    10. Rashidi Mehrabadi, Mohammad Hossein & Saghafian, Bahram & Haghighi Fashi, Fereshte, 2013. "Assessment of residential rainwater harvesting efficiency for meeting non-potable water demands in three climate conditions," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 86-93.
    11. Şevik, Seyfi & Aktaş, Ahmet, 2022. "Performance enhancing and improvement studies in a 600 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant; manual and natural cleaning, rainwater harvesting and the snow load removal on the PV arrays," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 490-503.
    12. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Adeboye, Omotayo B. & Rayburg, Scott & Shanableh, Abdallah, 2012. "Rainwater harvesting potential for southwest Nigeria using daily water balance model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 51-55.
    13. Eroksuz, Erhan & Rahman, Ataur, 2010. "Rainwater tanks in multi-unit buildings: A case study for three Australian cities," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(12), pages 1449-1452.
    14. Proença, Lúcio Costa & Ghisi, Enedir & Tavares, Davi da Fonseca & Coelho, Gabriel Marcon, 2011. "Potential for electricity savings by reducing potable water consumption in a city scale," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 960-965.
    15. Silva, Cristina Matos & Sousa, Vitor & Carvalho, Nuno Vaz, 2015. "Evaluation of rainwater harvesting in Portugal: Application to single-family residences," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 21-34.
    16. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Naser, Jamal & Rahman, Ataur, 2011. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks in Melbourne using daily water balance model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 80-86.
    17. Geraldi, Matheus Soares & Ghisi, Enedir, 2017. "Influence of the length of rainfall time series on rainwater harvesting systems: A case study in Berlin," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 169-180.
    18. Agnieszka Stec & Daniel Słyś, 2022. "Financial and Social Factors Influencing the Use of Unconventional Water Systems in Single-Family Houses in Eight European Countries," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, January.
    19. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2012. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks: A comparison between South-East and Central Melbourne," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 1-7.
    20. Karolina Fitobór & Bernard Quant, 2021. "Is the Microfiltration Process Suitable as a Method of Removing Suspended Solids from Rainwater?," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
    21. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Shanableh, Abdallah & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2011. "Optimisation of rainwater tank design from large roofs: A case study in Melbourne, Australia," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 1022-1029.
    22. Farreny, R. & Gabarrell, X. & Rieradevall, J., 2011. "Cost-efficiency of rainwater harvesting strategies in dense Mediterranean neighbourhoods," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(7), pages 686-694.

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