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Rainwater harvesting potential for southwest Nigeria using daily water balance model

Author

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  • Imteaz, Monzur Alam
  • Adeboye, Omotayo B.
  • Rayburg, Scott
  • Shanableh, Abdallah

Abstract

For the performance analysis and design of rainwater tanks, a simple spreadsheet based daily water balance model was developed using daily rainfall data, contributing roof area, rainfall loss factor, available storage volume, tank overflow and rainwater demand. This water balance model was then used to design an optimum size of domestic rainwater tank to be used for southwest Nigeria. The optimisation criterion was set to provide uninterrupted intended demand from the selected rainwater tank during the critical (dry) months. For the tank water, two demand scenarios were assessed: (i) toilet flushing only; and (ii) toilet flushing and laundry use. Analysis was performed for a typical dry year (1998) in southwest Nigeria. Current analysis outcomes were compared with an earlier analysis using monthly average rainfall data. It is found that analysis using monthly average rainfall data overestimates the required rainwater tank size. In addition, the newly developed model was used to assess the reliability of domestic rainwater tanks in augmenting partial household water demand. This analysis showed that a reliability of 100% is possible to achieve with a tank size of 7000L under low demand. However, with higher demand a bigger tank size (∼10,000L) is required to achieve 100% reliability even though very high reliability could also be attained with a tank size of 7000L. From overflow analysis, the results of this study showed that a large quantity of water is lost as overflow, even in a dry year with a tank size of 10,000L. Thus, harvested rainwater could be used for other purposes if larger tanks are used as these would capture more of the excess rainwater which could then be tasked to other purposes without compromising the reliability of water availability for primary uses.

Suggested Citation

  • Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Adeboye, Omotayo B. & Rayburg, Scott & Shanableh, Abdallah, 2012. "Rainwater harvesting potential for southwest Nigeria using daily water balance model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 51-55.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:62:y:2012:i:c:p:51-55
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.02.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eroksuz, Erhan & Rahman, Ataur, 2010. "Rainwater tanks in multi-unit buildings: A case study for three Australian cities," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(12), pages 1449-1452.
    2. Ghisi, Enedir & Tavares, Davi da Fonseca & Rocha, Vinicius Luis, 2009. "Rainwater harvesting in petrol stations in Brasília: Potential for potable water savings and investment feasibility analysis," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 79-85.
    3. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Naser, Jamal & Rahman, Ataur, 2011. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks in Melbourne using daily water balance model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 80-86.
    4. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Shanableh, Abdallah & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2011. "Optimisation of rainwater tank design from large roofs: A case study in Melbourne, Australia," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 1022-1029.
    5. Olanike Aladenola & Omotayo Adeboye, 2010. "Assessing the Potential for Rainwater Harvesting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(10), pages 2129-2137, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Paudel, Upendra & Ahsan, Amimul & Santos, Cristina, 2015. "Climatic and spatial variability of potential rainwater savings for a large coastal city," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 143-147.
    2. Stec, Agnieszka & Kordana, Sabina, 2015. "Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 105(PA), pages 84-94.
    3. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Shanableh, Abdallah, 2013. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks using daily water balance model: Variations within a large city," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 37-43.
    4. Bocanegra-Martínez, Andrea & Ponce-Ortega, José María & Nápoles-Rivera, Fabricio & Serna-González, Medardo & Castro-Montoya, Agustín Jaime & El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M., 2014. "Optimal design of rainwater collecting systems for domestic use into a residential development," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 44-56.
    5. Santos, C. & Taveira-Pinto, F., 2013. "Analysis of different criteria to size rainwater storage tanks using detailed methods," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-6.
    6. Silva, Cristina Matos & Sousa, Vitor & Carvalho, Nuno Vaz, 2015. "Evaluation of rainwater harvesting in Portugal: Application to single-family residences," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 21-34.
    7. Agnieszka Stec & Daniel Słyś, 2022. "Financial and Social Factors Influencing the Use of Unconventional Water Systems in Single-Family Houses in Eight European Countries," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-25, January.
    8. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2012. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks: A comparison between South-East and Central Melbourne," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 1-7.
    9. Okoye, Chiemeka Onyeka & Solyalı, Oğuz & Akıntuğ, Bertuğ, 2015. "Optimal sizing of storage tanks in domestic rainwater harvesting systems: A linear programming approach," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 131-140.
    10. Karim, Md. Rezaul & Bashar, Mohammad Zobair Ibne & Imteaz, Monzur Alam, 2015. "Reliability and economic analysis of urban rainwater harvesting in a megacity in Bangladesh," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 61-67.
    11. Mahmood, Asif & Hossain, Faisal, 2017. "Feasibility of managed domestic rainwater harvesting in South Asian rural areas using remote sensing," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 157-168.

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