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The contemporary Latin America and the Caribbean zinc cycle: One year stocks and flows

Author

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  • Harper, E.M.
  • Bertram, M.
  • Graedel, T.E.

Abstract

Contemporary 1994 zinc cycles for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) were characterized by material flow analysis and were completed on regional and country levels. The countries important for the analysis were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. Zinc was analyzed within the framework of four life stages in which an anthropogenically utilized material participates – Production, Fabrication and Manufacturing, Use, and Waste Management. Flows among, trade associated with, and changes in stock (where appropriate) corresponding to each life stage were evaluated. Zinc is mined in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, with Peru conducting the majority of the mining activity. The LAC region is a net exporter of mined zinc concentrate (465Gg Zn) and refined zinc slab (57Gg Zn), with Peru as the sole exporter of zinc concentrate and the largest exporter of zinc slab. Most countries import zinc in semi-finished and finished products, with the exceptions being Peru exporting zinc in semi-finished products and Brazil exporting zinc in finished products. In all cases, there is a net addition of zinc to stock in Use, with 190Gg Zn added to stock in the LAC region. On a regional level, the largest flow of zinc entering Waste Management is from Use (95Gg Zn), with the key contributors being municipal solid waste (including construction & demolition debris) (45Gg Zn) and end-of-life vehicles (49Gg Zn). Zinc entering landfills was estimated at 62Gg Zn for the LAC region, with the largest contributors being Brazil (35Gg Zn), Peru (9Gg Zn) and Argentina (8Gg Zn).

Suggested Citation

  • Harper, E.M. & Bertram, M. & Graedel, T.E., 2006. "The contemporary Latin America and the Caribbean zinc cycle: One year stocks and flows," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 82-100.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:47:y:2006:i:1:p:82-100
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.10.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Graedel, T. E. & Bertram, M. & Fuse, K. & Gordon, R. B. & Lifset, R. & Rechberger, H. & Spatari, S., 2002. "The contemporary European copper cycle: The characterization of technological copper cycles," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 9-26, August.
    2. T. E. Graedel & Dick van Beers & Marlen Bertram & Kensuke Fuse & Robert B. Gordon & Alexander Gritsinin & Ermelinda M. Harper & Amit Kapur & Robert J. Klee & Reid Lifset & Laiq Memon & Sabrina Spatari, 2005. "The Multilevel Cycle of Anthropogenic Zinc," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 9(3), pages 67-90, July.
    3. Rechberger, H. & Graedel, T. E., 2002. "The contemporary European copper cycle: statistical entropy analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 59-72, August.
    4. Graedel, T. E., 2002. "The contemporary European copper cycle: introduction," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 5-7, August.
    5. Bertram, M. & Graedel, T. E. & Rechberger, H. & Spatari, S., 2002. "The contemporary European copper cycle: waste management subsystem," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 43-57, August.
    6. Spatari, S. & Bertram, M. & Fuse, K. & Graedel, T. E. & Rechberger, H., 2002. "The contemporary European copper cycle: 1 year stocks and flows," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1-2), pages 27-42, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan, Lingyu & Wang, Anjian & Chen, Qishen & Li, Jianwu, 2013. "Dynamic material flow analysis of zinc resources in China," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 23-31.
    2. Ma, Hwong-wen & Matsubae, Kazuyo & Nakajima, Kenichi & Tsai, Min-Shing & Shao, Kung-Hsien & Chen, Pi-Cheng & Lee, Chia-Ho & Nagasaka, Tetsuya, 2011. "Substance flow analysis of zinc cycle and current status of electric arc furnace dust management for zinc recovery in Taiwan," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 134-140.
    3. Mathieux, Fabrice & Brissaud, Daniel, 2010. "End-of-life product-specific material flow analysis. Application to aluminum coming from end-of-life commercial vehicles in Europe," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 92-105.

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