IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v681y2026ics0378437125007241.html

Larger holes as narrower degree distributions in complex networks

Author

Listed:
  • Kawato, Kiri
  • Hayashi, Yukio

Abstract

Although the analysis of loops is not so much because of the complications, it has already been found that heuristically enhancing loops decreases the variance of degree distributions for improving the robustness of connectivity. While many real scale-free networks are known to contain shorter loops such as triangles, it remains to investigate the distributions of longer loops in more wide class of networks. We find a relation between narrower degree distributions and longer loops in investigating the lengths of the shortest loops in various networks with continuously changing degree distributions, including three typical types of realistic scale-free networks, classical Erdös-Rényi random graphs, and regular networks. In particular, we show that narrower degree distributions contain longer shortest loops, as a universal property in a wide class of random networks. We suggest that the robustness of connectivity is enhanced by constructing long loops of O(logN).

Suggested Citation

  • Kawato, Kiri & Hayashi, Yukio, 2026. "Larger holes as narrower degree distributions in complex networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 681(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:681:y:2026:i:c:s0378437125007241
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.131072
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437125007241
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2025.131072?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liao, Fuxuan & Hayashi, Yukio, 2022. "Emergence of robust and efficient networks in a family of attachment models," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 599(C).
    2. Barabási, Albert-László & Albert, Réka & Jeong, Hawoong, 1999. "Mean-field theory for scale-free random networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 272(1), pages 173-187.
    3. Dorogovtsev, S.N. & Mendes, J.F.F., 2003. "Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198515906.
    4. Derek De Solla Price, 1976. "A general theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes," Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 27(5), pages 292-306, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Perc, Matjaž, 2010. "Zipf’s law and log-normal distributions in measures of scientific output across fields and institutions: 40 years of Slovenia’s research as an example," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 358-364.
    2. Wen, Guanghui & Duan, Zhisheng & Chen, Guanrong & Geng, Xianmin, 2011. "A weighted local-world evolving network model with aging nodes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 390(21), pages 4012-4026.
    3. Huang, Wei & Chen, Shengyong & Wang, Wanliang, 2014. "Navigation in spatial networks: A survey," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 393(C), pages 132-154.
    4. Fetta, A.G. & Harper, P.R. & Knight, V.A. & Vieira, I.T. & Williams, J.E., 2012. "On the Peter Principle: An agent based investigation into the consequential effects of social networks and behavioural factors," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 391(9), pages 2898-2910.
    5. Perc, Matjaž, 2010. "Growth and structure of Slovenia’s scientific collaboration network," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 475-482.
    6. Huang, Xikun & Lu, Ruqian, 2020. "An evolving network model with information filtering and mixed attachment mechanisms," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 545(C).
    7. Liang, Wei & Shi, Yuming & Huang, Qiuling, 2014. "Modeling the Chinese language as an evolving network," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 393(C), pages 268-276.
    8. Ya-Chun Gao & Zong-Wen Wei & Bing-Hong Wang, 2013. "Dynamic Evolution Of Financial Network And Its Relation To Economic Crises," International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(02), pages 1-10.
    9. Zhou, Wei-Xing & Jiang, Zhi-Qiang & Sornette, Didier, 2007. "Exploring self-similarity of complex cellular networks: The edge-covering method with simulated annealing and log-periodic sampling," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 375(2), pages 741-752.
    10. Bezsudnov, I.V. & Snarskii, A.A., 2014. "From the time series to the complex networks: The parametric natural visibility graph," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 414(C), pages 53-60.
    11. Mark S. Handcock & Adrian E. Raftery & Jeremy M. Tantrum, 2007. "Model‐based clustering for social networks," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 170(2), pages 301-354, March.
    12. Fenner, Trevor & Levene, Mark & Loizou, George, 2010. "Predicting the long tail of book sales: Unearthing the power-law exponent," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(12), pages 2416-2421.
    13. Wang, Qingyun & Duan, Zhisheng & Chen, Guanrong & Feng, Zhaosheng, 2008. "Synchronization in a class of weighted complex networks with coupling delays," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(22), pages 5616-5622.
    14. F. W. S. Lima, 2015. "Evolution of egoism on semi-directed and undirected Barabási-Albert networks," International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 26(12), pages 1-9.
    15. G. Ghoshal & M. E.J. Newman, 2007. "Growing distributed networks with arbitrary degree distributions," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 58(2), pages 175-184, July.
    16. Yan Qiang & Bo Pei & Weili Wu & Juanjuan Zhao & Xiaolong Zhang & Yue Li & Lidong Wu, 2014. "Improvement of path analysis algorithm in social networks based on HBase," Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 588-599, October.
    17. Sarah Shandera & Jes L Matsick & David R Hunter & Louis Leblond, 2021. "RASE: Modeling cumulative disadvantage due to marginalized group status in academia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-20, December.
    18. Pi, Xiaochen & Tang, Longkun & Chen, Xiangzhong, 2021. "A directed weighted scale-free network model with an adaptive evolution mechanism," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 572(C).
    19. Chang, Y.F. & Han, S.K. & Wang, X.D., 2018. "The way to uncover community structure with core and diversity," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 501(C), pages 111-119.
    20. Chakrabarti, Anindya S., 2015. "Stochastic Lotka-Volterra equations: A model of lagged diffusion of technology in an interconnected world," IIMA Working Papers WP2015-08-05, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:681:y:2026:i:c:s0378437125007241. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.