IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v619y2023ics0378437123002777.html

Epidemic spreading on metapopulation networks considering indirect contact

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Juquan
  • Han, Dun

Abstract

Since pathogens can stay on the carrier for a period of time, indirect transmission plays a nonnegligible role in the spread of diseases apart from direct human-to-human contact. We hereby propose an epidemic model on the metapopulation network, combining direct contact transmission with indirect contact transmission. A detailed theoretical analysis and simulation are employed to discuss and verify the epidemic threshold. Results show that the existence of indirect contact can promote the spread of diseases significantly. In addition, the final density of infection increases with the increase of the indirect contact transmission rate or the number of vectors, and with the decrease of the recovery rate of vectors. In the case of a heterogeneous population distribution, the epidemic threshold increases with the mobility rate which differs from the case of the homogeneous population distribution. Our framework presents a new viewpoint and theoretical reference for the study of indirect contact propagation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Juquan & Han, Dun, 2023. "Epidemic spreading on metapopulation networks considering indirect contact," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 619(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:619:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123002777
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128722
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437123002777
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2023.128722?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Goodell, John W., 2020. "COVID-19 and finance: Agendas for future research," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    2. Torsten Thalheim & Tyll Krüger & Jörg Galle, 2022. "Indirect Virus Transmission via Fomites Can Counteract Lock-Down Effectiveness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Kezban Yagci Sokat & Stefan Edlund & Kenneth Clarkson & James Kaufman, 2019. "Comparing Direct and Indirect Transmission in a Simple Model of Veterinary Disease," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Dun Han & Qi Shao & Dandan Li, 2020. "Exploring the Epidemic Spreading in a Multilayer Metapopulation Network by considering Individuals’ Periodic Travelling," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-9, April.
    5. Zhu, Xuzhen & Liu, Yuxin & Wang, Shengfeng & Wang, Ruijie & Chen, Xiaolong & Wang, Wei, 2021. "Allocating resources for epidemic spreading on metapopulation networks," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 411(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Fan, Yufei & Meng, Xueyu & Liu, Jun & Ma, Jun-Chao & Cai, Zhiqiang & Si, Shubin, 2025. "Hamiltonian optimal control of quarantine against epidemic spreading on complex networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    2. Chen, Jiaxing & Wang, Juan & Xia, Chengyi & Shi, Dinghua & Chen, Guanrong, 2025. "Epidemic dynamics driven by adaptive rewiring mechanism on higher-order networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 200(P1).
    3. Li, Dandan & Xie, Weijie & Han, Dun, 2024. "Multi-information and epidemic coupling propagation considering indirect contact on two-layer networks," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 474(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ye, Dezhu & Ji, Wenjun & Sun, Nan, 2025. "Corporate diversification strategies and bankruptcy risk: A re-examination based on COVID-19," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    2. Lewkowicz, Jacek & Woźniak, Michał & Wrzesiński, Michał, 2022. "COVID-19 and erosion of democracy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    3. Qing Liu & Hosung Son & Woon-Seek Lee, 2024. "The game of lies by stock investors in social media: a study based on city lockdowns in China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-37, December.
    4. Bouteska, Ahmed & Sharif, Taimur & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2023. "COVID-19 and stock returns: Evidence from the Markov switching dependence approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Heyden, Kim J. & Heyden, Thomas, 2021. "Market reactions to the arrival and containment of COVID-19: An event study," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    6. Goodell, John W. & Goutte, Stephane, 2021. "Co-movement of COVID-19 and Bitcoin: Evidence from wavelet coherence analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    7. Hongjun Zeng & Abdullahi D. Ahmed, 2026. "Dependency structure and volatility connectedness among China-ASEAN stock market, cryptocurrencies, and crude oil," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 12(1), pages 1-39, December.
    8. Bruno Marques & Jacqueline McIntosh & Chitrakala Muthuveerappan & Krzysztof Herman, 2022. "The Importance of Outdoor Spaces during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Aotearoa—New Zealand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Christian Espinosa-Méndez & José Arias, 2021. "Herding Behaviour in Asutralian stock market: Evidence on COVID-19 effect," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(21), pages 1898-1901, December.
    10. Jiang, Jie & Hou, Jack & Wang, Cangyu & Liu, HaiYue, 2021. "COVID-19 impact on firm investment—Evidence from Chinese publicly listed firms," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    11. Brada, Josef C. & Gajewski, Paweł & Kutan, Ali M., 2021. "Economic resiliency and recovery, lessons from the financial crisis for the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional perspective from Central and Eastern Europe," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    12. Pagano, Michael S. & Sedunov, John & Velthuis, Raisa, 2021. "How did retail investors respond to the COVID-19 pandemic? The effect of Robinhood brokerage customers on market quality," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    13. Ashok, Shruti & Corbet, Shaen & Dhingra, Deepika & Goodell, John W. & Kumar, Satish & Yadav, Miklesh Prasad, 2022. "Are energy markets informationally smarter than equity markets? Evidence from the COVID-19 experience," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    14. Onur Özdemir & Selin Yalçıntaş, 2026. "Herd investing and market inefficiency in forex markets over the COVID-19 outbreak: the multifractality analysis," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 1-35, March.
    15. Wang, Yi-Ran & Ma, Chao-Qun & Ren, Yi-Shuai, 2022. "A model for CBDC audits based on blockchain technology: Learning from the DCEP," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    16. Yu, Zhen & Luo, Juncheng & Fan, Jinqi, 2024. "Bank loan approval standards and firms’ accounting conservatism: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
    17. Mahata, Ajit & Rai, Anish & Nurujjaman, Md. & Prakash, Om, 2021. "Modeling and analysis of the effect of COVID-19 on the stock price: V and L-shape recovery," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 574(C).
    18. Yuanyuan Hu & Shouming Chen & Wenchuan Huang, 2023. "Does the market value sustainable supply chain management? New evidence from the outbreak of COVID-19," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 48(2), pages 366-387, May.
    19. Ravindra N. Shukla & Vishal Vyas & Animesh Chaturvedi, 2024. "Leverage adjustment analytics: effect of Covid-19 crisis on financial adjustments of Indian firms," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(2), pages 513-543, June.
    20. Galil, Koresh & Varon, Eva, 2024. "National culture and banks stock volatility," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:619:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123002777. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.