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Mortality: A physics perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Richmond, Peter
  • Roehner, Bertrand M.
  • Irannezhad, Ali
  • Hutzler, Stefan

Abstract

One of the many interests of the late Dietrich Stauffer was the modelling of mortality. Here we review the features of mortality data for various biological species. Age specific mortality (death rate) leads to a discussion of possible models of the death rate, including that of Gompertz, raising the interesting question: is our lifetime finite or could we contemplate living for ever? The answer judging from many different data sources is that without radical changes in our biology it seems death above age 120 is extremely unlikely. We then show how a toy model, linking mortality to the immune system, can predict the general variation of the death rate with time, spanning both infant and adult phases. The outcome provides underpinning support for the many nutritionists and medical experts who increasingly advocate the benefits to mortality of a healthy lifestyle. Age specific mortality within social networks is also shown to be significantly affected by both psychological and physical shocks. The review concludes with the description of novel experiments using soap films for the study of failure. These allow for a reproduction of high infant mortality, the so-called bath-tub curve of mortality, and the Gompertz law.

Suggested Citation

  • Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M. & Irannezhad, Ali & Hutzler, Stefan, 2021. "Mortality: A physics perspective," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 566(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:566:y:2021:i:c:s0378437120309584
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125660
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Haffner, Benjamin & Lalieu, Jonathan & Richmond, Peter & Hutzler, Stefan, 2018. "Can soap films be used as models for mortality studies?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 508(C), pages 461-470.
    2. Berrut, Sylvie & Pouillard, Violette & Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M., 2016. "Deciphering infant mortality," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 463(C), pages 400-426.
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    4. Xiao Dong & Brandon Milholland & Jan Vijg, 2016. "Evidence for a limit to human lifespan," Nature, Nature, vol. 538(7624), pages 257-259, October.
    5. Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M., 2016. "Effect of marital status on death rates. Part 2: Transient mortality spikes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 450(C), pages 768-784.
    6. Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M., 2018. "Exploration of the strength of family links," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 502(C), pages 1-13.
    7. Nicholas J. L. Brown & Casper J. Albers & Stuart J. Ritchie, 2017. "Contesting the evidence for limited human lifespan," Nature, Nature, vol. 546(7660), pages 6-7, June.
    8. K. Bońkowska & M. Kula & S. Cebrat & D. Stauffer, 2007. "Inbreeding And Outbreeding Depressions In The Penna Model As A Result Of Crossover Frequency," International Journal of Modern Physics C (IJMPC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 18(08), pages 1329-1338.
    9. Bryan G. Hughes & Siegfried Hekimi, 2017. "Many possible maximum lifespan trajectories," Nature, Nature, vol. 546(7660), pages 8-9, June.
    10. Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M., 2016. "Effect of marital status on death rates. Part 1: High accuracy exploration of the Farr–Bertillon effect," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 450(C), pages 748-767.
    11. Richmond, Peter & Roehner, Bertrand M., 2016. "Predictive implications of Gompertz’s law," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 447(C), pages 446-454.
    12. Joop de Beer & Anastasios Bardoutsos & Fanny Janssen, 2017. "Maximum human lifespan may increase to 125 years," Nature, Nature, vol. 546(7660), pages 16-17, June.
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    15. Adam Lenart & James W. Vaupel, 2017. "Questionable evidence for a limit to human lifespan," Nature, Nature, vol. 546(7660), pages 13-14, June.
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