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Modeling a delay-driven eco-epidemiological system with fear and migration under ratio-dependent predation

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  • Barman, Kahuwa Kuwali
  • Kashyap, Ankur Jyoti
  • Sarmah, Hemanta Kumar

Abstract

This study investigates an eco-epidemiological predator–prey model that incorporates fear-driven behavioral changes in susceptible prey along with migration in both prey and predator populations. Predation on infected prey is modeled through a ratio-dependent functional response, and a transmission delay is introduced to represent the non-instantaneous nature of infection, adding novelty to the framework. We examine the local and global stability of the non-delayed system, and analyze the occurrence of transcritical and Hopf bifurcations. The results show that fear effects and susceptible prey migration may destabilize the system, whereas a higher conversion rate of infected prey biomass promotes stable coexistence. Delay-induced bifurcation analysis further reveals that increasing the transmission delay destabilizes the interior equilibrium, and numerical simulations support these analytical findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Barman, Kahuwa Kuwali & Kashyap, Ankur Jyoti & Sarmah, Hemanta Kumar, 2026. "Modeling a delay-driven eco-epidemiological system with fear and migration under ratio-dependent predation," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 245(C), pages 114-142.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:matcom:v:245:y:2026:i:c:p:114-142
    DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2026.01.002
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