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Urbanization, land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana

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  • Asabere, Stephen Boahen
  • Acheampong, Ransford A.
  • Ashiagbor, George
  • Beckers, Sandra Carola
  • Keck, Markus
  • Erasmi, Stefan
  • Schanze, Jochen
  • Sauer, Daniela

Abstract

Urbanization induces spatial and environmental changes. Monitoring and understanding the nature of these changes is crucial to achieving sustainable urban development imperatives. To this end, this paper examines the evolution and spatio-environmental impacts of rapid urbanization in two major metropolitan regions of Ghana—Accra-City Region and the Greater Kumasi Sub-Region. The analysis uses Landsat satellite data and landscape metrics to examine land use transitions and to characterize the emergent landscapes over the last three decades. The results show that built-up land has increased significantly in these metropolitan regions largely at the expense of environmental land cover classes. The expansion process follows a general trend where the historical-core zones were initially sites of rapid land cover conversion to built-up, with settlements in the suburban and peripheral zones expanding in recent years and becoming integrated into the conterminous urban areas of the metropolitan regions. The analysis also uncovered a unique, dynamic and complex process whereby the urban-open-space class, being in a permanent state of flux, mediates transitions between built-up land and vegetation and vice versa. The metric-based land use transformation analysis shows that the landscape of the metropolitan regions has fragmented because of an increased expansion and aggregation of patches of built-up land in the core areas and leapfrog, sprawling expansion in the outlying suburban and peripheral zones. The paper concludes on the need for integrative urban growth management strategies that brings together spatial planning and environmental resource governance to avert the negative consequences on the natural environment of unfettered urban expansion.

Suggested Citation

  • Asabere, Stephen Boahen & Acheampong, Ransford A. & Ashiagbor, George & Beckers, Sandra Carola & Keck, Markus & Erasmi, Stefan & Schanze, Jochen & Sauer, Daniela, 2020. "Urbanization, land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:96:y:2020:i:c:s0264837719316709
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104707
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prosper Issahaku Korah & Patrick Brandful Cobbinah & Abraham Marshall Nunbogu, 2017. "Spatial Planning in Ghana: Exploring the Contradictions," Planning Practice & Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(4), pages 361-384, August.
    2. Petra Doan & Charles Yaw Oduro, 2012. "Patterns of Population Growth in Peri-Urban Accra, Ghana," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 1306-1325, November.
    3. Abass, Kabila & Adanu, Selase Kofi & Agyemang, Seth, 2018. "Peri-urbanisation and loss of arable land in Kumasi Metropolis in three decades: Evidence from remote sensing image analysis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 470-479.
    4. Korah, Prosper Issahaku & Matthews, Tony & Tomerini, Deanna, 2019. "Characterising spatial and temporal patterns of urban evolution in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Accra, Ghana," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
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