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Three-way analysis of imprecise data

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  • Giordani, Paolo

Abstract

Data are often affected by uncertainty. Uncertainty is usually referred to as randomness. Nonetheless, other sources of uncertainty may occur. In particular, the empirical information may also be affected by imprecision. Also in these cases it can be fruitful to analyze the underlying structure of the data. In this paper we address the problem of summarizing a sample of three-way imprecise data. In order to manage the different sources of uncertainty a twofold strategy is adopted. On the one hand, imprecise data are transformed into fuzzy sets by means of the so-called fuzzification process. The so-obtained fuzzy data are then analyzed by suitable generalizations of the Tucker3 and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC models, which are the two most popular three-way extensions of Principal Component Analysis. On the other hand, the statistical validity of the obtained underlying structure is evaluated by (nonparametric) bootstrapping. A simulation experiment is performed for assessing whether the use of fuzzy data is helpful in order to summarize three-way uncertain data. Finally, to show how our models work in practice, an application to real data is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Giordani, Paolo, 2010. "Three-way analysis of imprecise data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(3), pages 568-582, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:101:y:2010:i:3:p:568-582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Renato Coppi & Paolo Giordani & Pierpaolo D’Urso, 2006. "Component Models for Fuzzy Data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 71(4), pages 733-761, December.
    2. Krätschmer, Volker, 2006. "Strong consistency of least-squares estimation in linear regression models with vague concepts," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 633-654, March.
    3. Timmerman, Marieke E. & Kiers, Henk A. L., 2002. "Three-way component analysis with smoothness constraints," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(3), pages 447-470, September.
    4. Giordani, Paolo & Kiers, Henk A. L., 2004. "Principal Component Analysis of symmetric fuzzy data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 519-548, April.
    5. Nozer D. Singpurwalla & Jane M. Booker, 2004. "Membership Functions and Probability Measures of Fuzzy Sets," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 99, pages 867-877, January.
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    7. Ledyard Tucker, 1966. "Some mathematical notes on three-mode factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 31(3), pages 279-311, September.
    8. Giordani, Paolo & Kiers, Henk A.L., 2006. "A comparison of three methods for principal component analysis of fuzzy interval data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 379-397, November.
    9. P. Bentler & Sik-Yum Lee, 1978. "Statistical aspects of a three-mode factor analysis model," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 43(3), pages 343-352, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierpaolo D’Urso & María Ángeles Gil, 2017. "Fuzzy data analysis and classification," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 11(4), pages 645-657, December.

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