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Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review

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  • Al-Akra, Mahmoud
  • Abdel-Qader, Waleed
  • Billah, Mamun

Abstract

The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) has conducted several surveys to understand the development of the internal auditing (IA) profession worldwide. In its latest survey, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was expected to experience the most significant changes in the regulation of internal auditing (IIA, 2010). This study reviews the MENA region literature dealing with recent regulatory reforms in internal auditing, focusing on independence and objectivity, assurance versus consulting services, and the IA role in consulting activities. We find that while the majority of the region has introduced reforms to the IA function, more needs to be done to (1) insure independence and objectivity; and (2) involve IA in consulting services, particularly with respect to risk management, control and governance. This review and its findings are timely given the vast advances the IA profession is witnessing, and has implications for both the IIA and MENA countries’ regulators. The study also hopes to motivate further research in this region.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Akra, Mahmoud & Abdel-Qader, Waleed & Billah, Mamun, 2016. "Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 13-27.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jiaata:v:26:y:2016:i:c:p:13-27
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2016.02.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Abdul-Nasser El-Kassar & Walid Elgammal & Mirna M. Bayoud, 2014. "Effect of internal audit function on corporate governance quality: evidence from Lebanon," International Journal of Corporate Governance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(1/2), pages 103-117.
    9. World Bank, 2009. "Corporate Governance Country Assessment," World Bank Publications - Reports 28086, The World Bank Group.
    10. Omar S. Dahi & Firat Demir, 2008. "The Middle East and North Africa," Chapters, in: Amitava Krishna Dutt & Jaime Ros (ed.), International Handbook of Development Economics, Volumes 1 & 2, volume 0, chapter 67, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abbas, Asad, 2023. "Internal Audit Effectiveness and Its Determinant Factors in Commercial Banks of Ethiopia: The Case of Bale Robe Town," OSF Preprints aktqg, Center for Open Science.
    2. Thu Trang Ta & Thanh Nga Doan, 2022. "Factors Affecting Internal Audit Effectiveness: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Majid, Hassan, 2023. "Internal Audit Effectiveness and Its Determinant Factors in Commercial Banks of Ethiopia: The Case of Bale Robe Town," OSF Preprints 2xjkd, Center for Open Science.
    4. Abiodun Omidiji & Nives Botica Redmayne & Dimu Ehalaiye & Ernest Gyapong, 2024. "Internal audit in microfinance institutions‐ evidence from transitional and developing economies," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 109-141, January.
    5. George Drogalas & Konstantinos Petridis & Nikolaos E. Petridis & Eleni Zografidou, 2020. "Valuation of the internal audit mechanisms in the decision support department of the local government organizations using mathematical programming," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 294(1), pages 267-280, November.
    6. Saddam A. Hazaea & Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari & Adam Mohamed Omer & Najib H. S. Farhan & Jinyu Zhu, 2024. "The impact of internal audit system on performance: evidence from emerging markets," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    7. Konstantinos Petridis & Georgios Drogalas & Eleni Zografidou, 2021. "Internal auditor selection using a TOPSIS/non-linear programming model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 296(1), pages 513-539, January.
    8. Thiéry, Stéphanie & Lhuillery, Stephane & Tellechea, Marion, 2023. "How can governance, human capital, and communication practices enhance internal audit quality?," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    9. Vinson, Jeremy M. & Curtis, Mary B. & Conover, Teresa L. & Chui, Lawrence, 2020. "Ethical relativism in accounting: A cross-cultural examination of the influence of culture and risk taking propensity on ethical decision-making," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    10. Saeed Rabea Baatwah & Adel Ali Al-Qadasi, 2020. "Determinants of outsourced internal audit function: a further analysis," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(4), pages 629-659, December.
    11. Jean Robert Kala Kamdjoug & Hyacinthe Djanan Sando & Jules Raymond Kala & Arielle Ornela Ndassi Teutio & Sunil Tiwari & Samuel Fosso Wamba, 2024. "Data analytics-based auditing: a case study of fraud detection in the banking context," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 340(2), pages 1161-1188, September.

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