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Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review

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  • Al-Akra, Mahmoud
  • Abdel-Qader, Waleed
  • Billah, Mamun

Abstract

The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) has conducted several surveys to understand the development of the internal auditing (IA) profession worldwide. In its latest survey, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region was expected to experience the most significant changes in the regulation of internal auditing (IIA, 2010). This study reviews the MENA region literature dealing with recent regulatory reforms in internal auditing, focusing on independence and objectivity, assurance versus consulting services, and the IA role in consulting activities. We find that while the majority of the region has introduced reforms to the IA function, more needs to be done to (1) insure independence and objectivity; and (2) involve IA in consulting services, particularly with respect to risk management, control and governance. This review and its findings are timely given the vast advances the IA profession is witnessing, and has implications for both the IIA and MENA countries’ regulators. The study also hopes to motivate further research in this region.

Suggested Citation

  • Al-Akra, Mahmoud & Abdel-Qader, Waleed & Billah, Mamun, 2016. "Internal auditing in the Middle East and North Africa: A literature review," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 13-27.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jiaata:v:26:y:2016:i:c:p:13-27
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2016.02.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tariq H. Ismail, 2012. "Internal auditors' perception about their role in risk management audit in Egyptian banking sector," International Journal of Economics and Accounting, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 3(2), pages 196-220.
    2. Ahmad A. Abu-Musa, 2008. "Information technology and its implications for internal auditing: An empirical study of Saudi organizations," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 23(5), pages 438-466, May.
    3. Abdul-Nasser El-Kassar & Walid Elgammal & Mirna M. Bayoud, 2014. "Effect of internal audit function on corporate governance quality: evidence from Lebanon," International Journal of Corporate Governance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(1/2), pages 103-117.
    4. Omar S. Dahi & Firat Demir, 2008. "The Middle East and North Africa," Chapters, in: Amitava Krishna Dutt & Jaime Ros (ed.), International Handbook of Development Economics, Volumes 1 & 2, volume 0, chapter 67, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Joe Christopher & Gerrit Sarens & Philomena Leung, 2009. "A critical analysis of the independence of the internal audit function: evidence from Australia," Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 22(2), pages 200-220, January.
    6. Mishiel Said Suwaidan & Amer Qasim, 2010. "External auditors' reliance on internal auditors and its impact on audit fees: An empirical investigation," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 25(6), pages 509-525, June.
    7. Abdolmohammadi, Mohammad J. & Sarens, Gerrit, 2011. "An Investigation of the Association between Cultural Dimensions and Variations in Perceived Use of and Compliance with Internal Auditing Standards in 19 Countries," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 365-389.
    8. Alzeban, Abdulaziz & Gwilliam, David, 2014. "Factors affecting the internal audit effectiveness: A survey of the Saudi public sector," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 74-86.
    9. Aaron Cohen & Gabriel Sayag, 2010. "The Effectiveness of Internal Auditing: An Empirical Examination of its Determinants in Israeli Organisations," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 20(3), pages 296-307, September.
    10. World Bank, 2009. "Corporate Governance Country Assessment," World Bank Publications - Reports 28086, The World Bank Group.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abbas, Asad, 2023. "Internal Audit Effectiveness and Its Determinant Factors in Commercial Banks of Ethiopia: The Case of Bale Robe Town," OSF Preprints aktqg, Center for Open Science.
    2. Thu Trang Ta & Thanh Nga Doan, 2022. "Factors Affecting Internal Audit Effectiveness: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Majid, Hassan, 2023. "Internal Audit Effectiveness and Its Determinant Factors in Commercial Banks of Ethiopia: The Case of Bale Robe Town," OSF Preprints 2xjkd, Center for Open Science.
    4. Thiéry, Stéphanie & Lhuillery, Stephane & Tellechea, Marion, 2023. "How can governance, human capital, and communication practices enhance internal audit quality?," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    5. Abiodun Omidiji & Nives Botica Redmayne & Dimu Ehalaiye & Ernest Gyapong, 2024. "Internal audit in microfinance institutions‐ evidence from transitional and developing economies," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 109-141, January.
    6. Vinson, Jeremy M. & Curtis, Mary B. & Conover, Teresa L. & Chui, Lawrence, 2020. "Ethical relativism in accounting: A cross-cultural examination of the influence of culture and risk taking propensity on ethical decision-making," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    7. George Drogalas & Konstantinos Petridis & Nikolaos E. Petridis & Eleni Zografidou, 2020. "Valuation of the internal audit mechanisms in the decision support department of the local government organizations using mathematical programming," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 294(1), pages 267-280, November.
    8. Saeed Rabea Baatwah & Adel Ali Al-Qadasi, 2020. "Determinants of outsourced internal audit function: a further analysis," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(4), pages 629-659, December.
    9. Konstantinos Petridis & Georgios Drogalas & Eleni Zografidou, 2021. "Internal auditor selection using a TOPSIS/non-linear programming model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 296(1), pages 513-539, January.

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