Contribution of aircraft types to noise levels across the NOMOS network of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

The increase in flight volumes in the aviation industry has significant socioeconomic implications that affect different aspects of our communities and economies. Although it has great economic benefits, it also causes annoyance and disturbance to communities living near airports. The latter requires understanding and prediction of the varying noise levels generated by various aircraft types. Noise assessment on a fleet level is traditionally achieved by using prediction models such as the DOC29. Such models need to be validated using real measurements. For Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, the so-called NOMOS (Noise Monitoring System) with 39 measurement stations is used for this purpose. We analyze the time series of these stations, collecting annual data for the period from 2006 to 2023. The main objective is to determine how the aircraft-generated noise at these stations can be assigned to 13 different aircraft types, taking into account the different noise levels produced by each aircraft type. This is performed by time series analysis of individual stations and the averaged time series over all stations. The results from two least-squares methods, namely unconstrained least squares (LS) and a proposed bounded least squares subject to weighted constraints (BLS + WC), are compared. The constraints are based on certification data as prior information in the least squares method, which is expected to enhance the model’s performance. Based on the above two least squares methods, predictions are performed for 2022 and 2023. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the BLS + WC over the LS method. We further extend our analysis to predict noise levels for a hypothetical future year with more newer aircraft models. The results indicate a substantial reduction in the noise level compared to 2023. These findings can thus underscore the effectiveness of the proposed method in outperforming the LS and highlight the model’s capability to forecast the impact of fleet modernization on noise reduction.