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Anaerobic digestion of peel waste and wastewater for on site energy generation in a citrus processing facility

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  • Koppar, Abhay
  • Pullammanappallil, Pratap

Abstract

A citrus processing facility produces significant quantities of both peel waste and wastewater. A leach – bed batch anaerobic digester was operated successfully at thermophilic (55 °C) temperature for biogasification of citrus peel waste. The retention time in the digester was 25 days. The citrus processing wastewater was digested in a thermophilic DSFF (down flow stationary fixed film) anaerobic reactor fed continuously and operated for 76 days. At an average organic loading rate of 0.51 kg sCOD m−3 d−1 the hydraulic retention time was 16 days. No long term toxicity issues due to limonene were observed during digestion of both citrus waste feedstocks. Biogasification yielded, 0.116 m3 methane at STP kg−1 peel waste received and 2.1 m3 at STP m−3 wastewater received. An energy analysis showed that in a citrus processing plant handling 600 tons per day of fruits, the biogas produced from the waste streams is more than sufficient to meet all the electricity and fuel demands. Excess electricity generated from biogas may be sold generating estimated revenues of more than a $1 million annually (at electricity sale price of $0.04/kWhe).

Suggested Citation

  • Koppar, Abhay & Pullammanappallil, Pratap, 2013. "Anaerobic digestion of peel waste and wastewater for on site energy generation in a citrus processing facility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 62-68.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:60:y:2013:i:c:p:62-68
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.08.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Waheed, M.A. & Jekayinfa, S.O. & Ojediran, J.O. & Imeokparia, O.E., 2008. "Energetic analysis of fruit juice processing operations in Nigeria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 35-45.
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    1. Calabrò, Paolo S. & Fazzino, Filippo & Sidari, Rossana & Zema, Demetrio Antonio, 2020. "Optimization of orange peel waste ensiling for sustainable anaerobic digestion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 849-862.
    2. Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, Ahmad & Assar, Hossein Alizadeh & Ghobadian, Barat & Motevali, Ali, 2017. "Potential of biofuel production from pistachio waste in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 510-522.
    3. El Ibrahimi, Mohammed & Khay, Ismail & El Maakoul, Anas & Bakhouya, Mohamed, 2021. "Energy performance of an unmixed anaerobic digester with submerged solid waste: Effects of temperature distribution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    4. Simona Consoli & Cinzia Caggia & Nunziatina Russo & Cinzia Lucia Randazzo & Alberto Continella & Giulia Modica & Santa Olga Cacciola & Luigi Faino & Massimo Reverberi & Andrea Baglieri & Ivana Puglisi, 2023. "Sustainable Use of Citrus Waste as Organic Amendment in Orange Orchards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Taghizadeh-Alisaraei, Ahmad & Hosseini, Seyyed Hasan & Ghobadian, Barat & Motevali, Ali, 2017. "Biofuel production from citrus wastes: A feasibility study in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1100-1112.
    6. Paolo S. Calabrò & Filippo Fazzino & Adele Folino & Emilia Paone & Dimitrios Komilis, 2019. "Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Orange Peel Waste: Effect of Activated Carbon Addition and Alkaline Pretreatment on the Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-11, June.

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