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Emergy synthesis and simulation for Macao

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  • Lei, Kampeng
  • Wang, Zhishi

Abstract

Macao is a tourist city with a dense population and has a shortage of natural resources. Almost all of the city's life-support systems thus depend on imports of external resources. During the past 20 years, Macao has experienced an economic boom accompanied by rapid social development, in which the gambling industry and related tourism services have become the main economic activity. This paper employs emergy flow analysis to investigate and characterize the evolution and development of Macao from 1983 to 2003. In addition, Macao has experienced six periods of land reclamation since 1866, supported by large-scale importation of sand and rocks from China. By simulating the emergy trends using the STELLA dynamic modeling software, we predicted the evolution of Macao's development and trends in the coming 20 years. In 2025, the city's economy is estimated to be 15 times its current size as a result of Macao's territorial expansion. The exported emergy will increase slowly and then stabilize, the population will reach 593185, and the area covered by Macao will expand to 38.91km2.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei, Kampeng & Wang, Zhishi, 2008. "Emergy synthesis and simulation for Macao," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 613-625.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:33:y:2008:i:4:p:613-625
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2007.11.008
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    Cited by:

    1. Yuan Gao & Li Tian & An Huang & Huan Zhang & Jianghao Yu & Yu Pan & Yuankang Wang & Binzhuo Gou, 2023. "Research on the Sustainable Development of Natural-Social-Economic Systems Based on the Emergy Accounting Method—A Case Study of Liyang in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Lei Jin & Yuanhua Chang & Xianwei Ju & Fei Xu, 2019. "A Study on the Sustainable Development of Water, Energy, and Food in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Taskhiri, Mohammad Sadegh & Tan, Raymond R. & Chiu, Anthony S.F., 2011. "Emergy-based fuzzy optimization approach for water reuse in an eco-industrial park," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(7), pages 730-737.
    4. Feng, Y.Y. & Chen, S.Q. & Zhang, L.X., 2013. "System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 44-52.
    5. Liu, Gengyuan & Yang, Zhifeng & Chen, Bin & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2014. "Emergy-based dynamic mechanisms of urban development, resource consumption and environmental impacts," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 271(C), pages 90-102.
    6. Li, Linjun & Tilley, David R. & Lu, Hongfang & Ren, Hai & Qiu, Guoyu, 2013. "Comparison of an energy systems mini-model to a process-based eco-physiological model for simulating forest growth," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 263(C), pages 32-41.
    7. Su, M.R. & Yang, Z.F. & Chen, B. & Ulgiati, S., 2009. "Urban ecosystem health assessment based on emergy and set pair analysis—A comparative study of typical Chinese cities," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 220(18), pages 2341-2348.
    8. Haizhen Wu & Weiguo Fan & Jianchang Lu, 2021. "Researching on the Sustainability of Transportation Industry Based on a Coupled Emergy and System Dynamics Model: A Case Study of Qinghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-19, June.
    9. Gengyuan Liu & Zhifeng Yang & Bin Chen & Yan Zhang & Meirong Su & Lixiao Zhang, 2013. "Emergy Evaluation of the Urban Solid Waste Handling in Liaoning Province, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-21, October.
    10. Lugaric, Luka & Krajcar, Slavko, 2016. "Transforming cities towards sustainable low-carbon energy systems using emergy synthesis for support in decision making," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 471-482.

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