IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v293y2024ics0360544224004407.html

Thaw bulb formation surrounding warm-oil pipelines and evaluation of the cooling performance of a new air convection pipeline embankment structure

Author

Listed:
  • Cao, Yapeng
  • Li, Guoyu
  • Ma, Wei
  • Wu, Gang
  • Chen, Zhixiang
  • Wang, Buxiang
  • Gao, Kai
  • Chen, Dun
  • Du, Qingsong
  • Jing, Hongyuan
  • Zhang, Zhenrong

Abstract

The first China-Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP-I) and the second China-Russia crude oil pipeline (CRCOP-II) went into operation in January 2011 and January 2018, respectively. On-site monitoring data have indicated that the seasonal thawing depth (STD) of a borehole 2 m away from CRCOP-I reached 10.8 m by the end of 2021. To improve mitigation measures of thaw settlement, an inverted T-shaped crushed-rock pipeline embankment (ITCPE) is proposed in this study. The long-term thermal activity of three types of pipeline embankments is predicted and compared with the underground structure. This study finds that none of the current pipeline structures has solved the thaw settlement issue for the CRCOP, whether with insulation layers, in an unprotected pipeline embankment (UPE), or in a traditional horizontal crushed-rock pipeline embankment (THCPE). However, the cross-ventilation attained in the proposed approach did mitigate thawing. It is estimated that after 50 years of operation, the natural permafrost table will be 2.9 m deep, whereas the proposed ITCPE central pipeline embankment could maintain the artificial permafrost table at a depth of 0.7 m. This study provides technical support for the CRCOP and provides a reference for the design and maintenance of other pipeline projects in permafrost areas worldwide.

Suggested Citation

  • Cao, Yapeng & Li, Guoyu & Ma, Wei & Wu, Gang & Chen, Zhixiang & Wang, Buxiang & Gao, Kai & Chen, Dun & Du, Qingsong & Jing, Hongyuan & Zhang, Zhenrong, 2024. "Thaw bulb formation surrounding warm-oil pipelines and evaluation of the cooling performance of a new air convection pipeline embankment structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:293:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224004407
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.130668
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224004407
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130668?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ma, Qinguo & Luo, Xiaoxiao & Gao, Jianqiang & Sun, Weiyu & Li, Yongdong & Lan, Tianli, 2022. "Numerical evaluation for cooling performance of a composite measure on expressway embankment with shady and sunny slopes in permafrost regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    2. Zhang, Mingyi & Zhang, Xiyin & Li, Shuangyang & Wu, Daoyong & Pei, Wansheng & Lai, Yuanming, 2015. "Evaluating the cooling performance of crushed-rock interlayer embankments with unperforated and perforated ventilation ducts in permafrost regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 874-881.
    3. Chen, Lin & Lai, Yuanming & Fortier, Daniel & Harris, Stuart A., 2022. "Impacts of snow cover on the pattern and velocity of air flow in air convection embankments of sub-Arctic regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1033-1046.
    4. Yanhu, Mu & Guoyu, Li & Wei, Ma & Zhengmin, Song & Zhiwei, Zhou & Wang, Fei, 2020. "Rapid permafrost thaw induced by heat loss from a buried warm-oil pipeline and a new mitigation measure combining seasonal air-cooled embankment and pipe insulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    5. Yanhui You & Qihao Yu & Xicai Pan & Xinbin Wang & Lei Guo, 2017. "Geophysical Imaging of Permafrost and Talik Configuration Beneath a Thermokarst Lake," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 470-476, April.
    6. Christian Hauck, 2013. "New Concepts in Geophysical Surveying and Data Interpretation for Permafrost Terrain," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(2), pages 131-137, April.
    7. Yandong, Hou & Qingbai, Wu & Kaige, Wang & Zeguo, Ye, 2020. "Numerical evaluation for protecting and reinforcing effect of a new designed crushed rock revetment on Qinghai–Tibet Railway," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 645-654.
    8. Huijun Jin & Qihao Yu & Lanzhi Lü & Dongxin Guo & Ruixia He & Shaopeng Yu & Guangyou Sun & Yingwu Li, 2007. "Degradation of permafrost in the Xing'anling Mountains, northeastern China," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(3), pages 245-258, July.
    9. M. Keuschnig & M. Krautblatter & I. Hartmeyer & C. Fuss & L. Schrott, 2017. "Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography Testing for Early Warning in Unstable Permafrost Rock Walls Around Alpine Infrastructure," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 158-171, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cao, Yapeng & Li, Guoyu & Ma, Wei & Cui, Yujun & Wang, Hao & Gao, Kai & Chen, Pengchao & Alexander, Fedorov & Chen, Dun & Bai, Luyao & Su, Anshuang, 2025. "Thawing of permafrost surrounding buried pipelines and a novel powerless air ventilation technique for thawing mitigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cao, Hang & Yu, Wenbing & Liu, Zonghan & Li, Guo & Han, Fenglei, 2025. "Cold energy storage performance of elevated pile-slab structure with automatically opening and closing dampers in permafrost regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    2. Wang, He & Cao, Dingfeng & Guo, Chengchao & Wang, Fuming & Zhu, Wu, 2025. "Thermal-hydro performance research of the ice-supported frozen soil roadbed after reinforcing using polyurethane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    3. Chen, Lin & Yu, Wenbing & Zhang, Tianqi & Yi, Xin, 2023. "Asymmetric talik formation beneath the embankment of Qinghai-Tibet Highway triggered by the sunny-shady effect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    4. Zhou, Yanqiao & Zhang, Mingyi & Pei, Wansheng & Bai, Ruiqiang, 2024. "Numerical simulation on the effects of deteriorating crushed-rock interlayers on thermal stability of embankments in permafrost regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    5. Yanhu, Mu & Guoyu, Li & Wei, Ma & Zhengmin, Song & Zhiwei, Zhou & Wang, Fei, 2020. "Rapid permafrost thaw induced by heat loss from a buried warm-oil pipeline and a new mitigation measure combining seasonal air-cooled embankment and pipe insulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    6. Ma, Qinguo & Luo, Xiaoxiao & Gao, Jianqiang & Sun, Weiyu & Li, Yongdong & Lan, Tianli, 2022. "Numerical evaluation for cooling performance of a composite measure on expressway embankment with shady and sunny slopes in permafrost regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    7. Sun, Zhaohui & Liu, Jiankun & You, Tian & Ren, Zhifeng & Chang, Dan & Fang, Jianhong & Vladislav, Isaev, 2024. "Field test study on thermal performance of a novel embankment using solar refrigeration technology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    8. Cao, Yapeng & Li, Guoyu & Ma, Wei & Chen, Dun & Shang, Yunhu & Wu, Gang & Gao, Kai & Ying, Sai, 2023. "Permafrost degradation induced by warm-oil pipelines and analytical results of thermosyphon-based thawing mitigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    9. Léa Bussière & Myriam Schmutz & Richard Fortier & Jean‐Michel Lemieux & Alain Dupuy, 2022. "Near‐surface geophysical imaging of a thermokarst pond in the discontinuous permafrost zone in Nunavik (Québec), Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(4), pages 353-369, October.
    10. Yang, Sheng & Zhang, Mingyi & Bi, Jun & Pei, Wansheng & Li, Guanji & Li, Renwei, 2023. "Evaluation of the long-term thermal stability of a crushed-rock revetment embankment in pan-Arctic permafrost regions under the effect of snow drift," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    11. Alexander Bast & Mirko Pavoni & Matthias Lichtenegger & Johannes Buckel & Jacopo Boaga, 2025. "The Use of Textile Electrodes for Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Periglacial, Coarse Blocky Terrain: A Comparison With Conventional Steel Electrodes," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(1), pages 110-122, January.
    12. Wang, Jiwei & Zhao, Jingde & Xu, Xiangtian & Zhang, Mingyi & Liu, Yuhang & Bai, Ruiqiang & Wang, Yongtao & Kong, Xiangbing, 2025. "Study on the solar-thermal effect mechanism and energy balance relationship of heat-reflective pavement model in cold region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    13. Alexander V. Fedyukhin & Konstantin V. Strogonov & Olga V. Soloveva & Sergei A. Solovev & Irina G. Akhmetova & Umberto Berardi & Mark D. Zaitsev & Daniil V. Grigorev, 2022. "Aerogel Product Applications for High-Temperature Thermal Insulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-15, October.
    14. Adrian Emmert & Christof Kneisel, 2021. "Internal structure and palsa development at Orravatnsrústir Palsa Site (Central Iceland), investigated by means of integrated resistivity and ground‐penetrating radar methods," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 503-519, July.
    15. Cao, Yapeng & Li, Guoyu & Ma, Wei & Cui, Yujun & Wang, Hao & Gao, Kai & Chen, Pengchao & Alexander, Fedorov & Chen, Dun & Bai, Luyao & Su, Anshuang, 2025. "Thawing of permafrost surrounding buried pipelines and a novel powerless air ventilation technique for thawing mitigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    16. Zhichao Xu & Wei Shan & Ying Guo & Chengcheng Zhang & Lisha Qiu, 2022. "Swamp Wetlands in Degraded Permafrost Areas Release Large Amounts of Methane and May Promote Wildfires through Friction Electrification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-28, July.
    17. Fahir Talay Akyildiz & Fehaid Salem Alshammari & Cemil Tunç, 2024. "Novel Numerical Investigations of Some Problems Based on the Darcy–Forchheimer Model and Heat Transfer," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-21, June.
    18. Shuangjie Wang & Fujun Niu & Jianbing Chen & Yuanhong Dong, 2020. "Permafrost research in China related to express highway construction," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 406-416, July.
    19. Yinghong Qin & Tianyu Wang & Weixin Yuan, 2023. "Wind-driven device for cooling permafrost," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    20. Zueter, Ahmad F. & Sasmito, Agus P., 2023. "Cold energy storage as a solution for year-round renewable artificial ground freezing: Case study of the Giant Mine Remediation Project," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 664-676.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:293:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224004407. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.