Potential of an internal combustion engine as an energy supplier for the drying process: A thermo-economic analysis with multi-objective optimization

Providing a constant heat and power supply for the drying process has remained as a key challenge. In this innovative work, the potential of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is utilized as an energy source for the drying process. The simultaneous production of power, heat, and freshwater from a single source is a key goal, resulting in cost-effective benefits. Additionally, the parametric study of both design and functional parameters of the ICE during the analysis of four types of fruits (Strawberry, Watermelon, Apple, and Grape) is widely reported. The EES coding tool is employed for thermo-economic analysis and modeling, maneuvering around energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic perspectives. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi-criteria method tool is utilized for multi-objective optimization of the present work to report the best operating conditions. Applying the optimal points, Strawberry-based Dryer exhibited the lowest specific energy consumption (SEC) of 3.48 MJ/kg and the highest effective moisture diffusion (Deff) of 1.447E-9 m2/s. Moreover, the Watermelon-based system reported the highest power sold to the grid at 39.13 kWh and the volume of freshwater production at 139.6 kg/h. While the highest amount of dryable product was obtained by Grape-based systems at 1694 kg/10 h.