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Development of a hybridized small modular reactor and solar-based energy system for useful commodities required for sustainable cities

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  • Temiz, Mert
  • Dincer, Ibrahim

Abstract

The current study develops a hybridized small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system designed specifically for sustainable communities in metropolitan areas to meet their power, heat, clean fuel, fresh water and food requirements. Both floating-type and bifacial-type photovoltaic arrays are integrated with a high-temperature gas-cooled small modular reactor. In the integrated system, a Rankine cycle subsystem for power generation, a solid oxide electrolyzer for hydrogen production, a pressure swing adsorption unit with ammonia reactor for nitrogen and then ammonia production, a multi-effect desalination unit for freshwater generation, and heat recovery units in order to provide heating to residential area, food drying facility, greenhouse, and fish farm facilities. For both floating and bifacial PV options, the 120 MWp PV modules are considered and integrated with two small modular reactor units at 250 MWth capacities each, 500 MWth in total. A thermodynamic analysis, which is based on energy and exergy approaches, is carried out. The time-dependent analyses are carried out for floating-type PV and bifacial-type PV options for the cities of Istanbul in Turkey; Barcelona in Spain; Los Angeles (LA) in the United States; Tokyo in Japan; and Toronto in Canada by using their hourly meteorological data, source and load capacities in a typical meteorological year. Among ten cases, between 112835 and 146180 tonnes of ammonia are generated in a typical year while meeting the heating and power requirements of sustainable communities in metropolitan areas. Among ten cases, the average overall energy and exergy efficiencies are found as 41.04% and 46.88%, respectively. The hybridization of such nuclear and solar systems achieves unique advantages by preventing intermittencies compared to the renewable-alone systems, reducing carbon emissions compared to fossil-based systems, and lowering the levelized costs of energy compared to the nuclear energy-alone systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Temiz, Mert & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2024. "Development of a hybridized small modular reactor and solar-based energy system for useful commodities required for sustainable cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:286:y:2024:i:c:s0360544223029560
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.129562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sohani, Ali & Pierro, Marco & Bovesecchi, Gianluigi & Moser, David & Cornaro, Cristina, 2025. "An accurate data-driven physical model for bifacial PV power estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    2. Hui, Jiuwu, 2025. "Adaptive sliding mode load-following control of a small modular reactor via reinforcement learning, nonlinear extended state observer, and neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    3. Zhang, Ru & Qiu, Leilei & Sun, Peiwei & Wei, Xinyu, 2024. "Research on nuclear reactor power control system of VVER-1000 with thermal energy supply system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    4. Ayyildiz, Ertugrul & Yildirim, Betul & Erdogan, Melike & Aydin, Nezir, 2025. "Strategic site selection methodology for small modular reactors: A case study in Türkiye," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    5. Bożena Gajdzik & Magdalena Jaciow & Radosław Wolniak & Robert Wolny & Wieslaw Wes Grebski, 2024. "Diagnosis of the Development of Energy Cooperatives in Poland—A Case Study of a Renewable Energy Cooperative in the Upper Silesian Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-27, January.
    6. Changan Ren & Jichong Lei & Jie Liu & Jun Hong & Hong Hu & Xiaoyong Fang & Cannan Yi & Zhiqiang Peng & Xiaohua Yang & Tao Yu, 2024. "Research on an Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Small Modular Reactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-15, August.

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